The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), a nonprofit, public foundation, was established in 1978 to advance the sciences of nutrition, toxicology, and food safety. ILSI promotes the resolution of health and safety issues in these areas by sponsoring research, conferences, publications, and educational programs. Through ILSI's programs, scientists from government, academia, and industry unite their efforts to resolve issues of critical importance to the public. As part of its commitment to understanding and resolving health and safety issues, ILSI is pleased to sponsor this series of monographs that consolidates new scientific knowledge, defines research needs, and provides a background for the effective application of scientific advances in toxicology and food safety. Alex Malaspina President International Life Sciences Institute Contents Series Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . xiii . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part I. Integrative Approach to Assessing Human Health Risk: Two Contemporary Problems Chapter 1. Integrating Diverse Data Sets to Assess the Risks of Airborne Pollutants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 R.o. McClellan, R.G. Cuddihy, w.e. Griffith, and J. L. Mauderly Chapter 2. Risk Assessment for Radon Inhalation Based on Animal Exposure Data and Human Epidemiology . . . . . . . 23 . F. Steinhausler Part II. Types of Evidence: General Strengths and Weaknesses Section 1. Epidemiological Chapter 3. Inhalation Hazards: The Interpretation of Epidemiologic Evidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 . . . . . . . J.e. Bailar Chapter 4. Problems in Interpreting Epidemiological Data 49 P.N. Lee Section 2. Animal Chapter 5. Rodent Carcinogenicity Studies: Their Value and Limitations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 . . . . . . . . . .