The collapse of the Soviet Union and the wars in Yugoslavia radically changed the security environment in Europe and Central Asia. Some predictions assumed the emerging unipolarity of the liberal world order would end neutrality policies in East and West, but, as this volume shows, this was not the case. While some traditional Cold War neutrals like Sweden and Finland have been edging closer to security alignment with western institutions, there are others like Austria, Switzerland, Ireland, and Malta that remained committed to their traditional nonaligned foreign policy approaches. More importantly, there are areas of Eurasia that developed new forms of neutrality policies, most of them only noticed on the margins of academic discourse. This is the first book to systematically explore this "new neutralism" of the Post-Cold War. In part one, the book analyzes contemporary neutrality discourse on several levels like international organizations (UN, ASEAN), diplomacy, and academic theory. Part two discusses neutrality-related policy developments in Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, Georgia, Serbia, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Mongolia. Together, the 15 chapters show how on this vast, connected landmass references to neutrality have remained a staple of international politics.

This book facilitates exchanges between scholars and researchers from around the world on China-Eurasia relations. Comparing perspectives and methodologies, it promotes interdisciplinary dialogue on China's pivot towards Eurasia, the Belt and Road initiative, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Beijing's cooperation and arguments with India, the EU, Western Balkans and South Caucasus states and the Sino-Russian struggle for multipolarity and multilateralism in Eurasia. It also researches digitalization processes in Eurasia, notably it focuses on China's Silk Road and Digital Agenda of Eurasian Economic Union. Multipolarity without multilateralism is a dangerous mix. Great power competitions will remain. In the Asian regional system more multilateral cushions have to be developed. Scholars from different nations including China, India, Russia, Austria, Armenia, Georgia, United Arab Emirates and Montenegro introduce their own, independent research, making recommendations on the developments in China-Eurasia relations, and demonstrating that through joint discussions it is possible to find ways for cooperation and for ensuring peaceful coexistence. The book will appeal to policymakers and scholars and students in Chinese, Eurasian, International and Oriental Studies.

Drawing on Iran's history and its relations with great powers and regional neighbours, this book addresses the question of how much continuity and/or change there is in Iranian international relations since the Iranian revolution. Iran has often been at the centre of the political debate on both the Gulf region and the transatlantic relations. Following the Trump administration's withdrawal from the Viennese nuclear agreement in May 2018 signed by the five permanent members of the UN-Security Council, the relationship between Iran and the world entered a new phase. With high expectations within Iran for improved relations with Europe, the this book calls for a new and innovative approach to be undertaken by the Iranian leadership towards the US, Europe and Asia if Iran is to find a role for itself within regional and international structures. Exploring power relations, negotiations, the role of international institutions and international law, the contributors consider the relations among central powers that influence Iran's internal and external affairs; and examine Iran's domestic motives and role in the local and regional context. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of Politics, International Relations, Iranian Politics, Iranian Foreign Policy. It may also provide insights for policymakers, journalists, and the military.

The book focuses on the relations between small states and alliances. It is on why, how and under what conditions states engage in alliances. What are the benefits and costs of alliances? How are the benefits and costs of alliances allocated among their members? What determines who allies with whom? Can small states still pursue their own security interests within an alliance? Can they even become integral part of an alliance? Scholars, practitioners, policy-makers and advisors from several countries discuss these issues. They address historical, empirical and theoretical topics and give policy recommendations.

Drawing on Iran's history and its relations with great powers and regional neighbours, this book addresses the question of how much continuity and/or change there is in Iranian international relations since the Iranian revolution. Iran has often been at the centre of the political debate on both the Gulf region and the transatlantic relations. Following the Trump administration's withdrawal from the Viennese nuclear agreement in May 2018 signed by the five permanent members of the UN-Security Council, the relationship between Iran and the world entered a new phase. With high expectations within Iran for improved relations with Europe, the this book calls for a new and innovative approach to be undertaken by the Iranian leadership towards the US, Europe and Asia if Iran is to find a role for itself within regional and international structures. Exploring power relations, negotiations, the role of international institutions and international law, the contributors consider the relations among central powers that influence Iran's internal and external affairs; and examine Iran's domestic motives and role in the local and regional context. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of Politics, International Relations, Iranian Politics, Iranian Foreign Policy. It may also provide insights for policymakers, journalists, and the military.

The notion that neutrality is a phenomenon only relevant to the Cold War is false in many ways. The Cold War was about building blocks, neutrality about staying out of them. From 1975 until the end of the Cold War, neutral states offered mediation and good offices and fought against the stagnation of the detente policy especially in the framework of the CSCE. After the end of the Cold War, neutral states became active in peace-operations outside of military alliances. The concept of neutrality has proven time and again that it can adapt to new situations. In many ways, small neutral states have more room to maneuver than members of alliances or big powers. They have more acceptance and fewer geopolitical interests. Neutrality has been declared obsolete many times in its long and layered history., yet it has also made many comebacks in varying forms and contexts. Neutrality in the 21st century does not involve to staying out but engaging. In contrast to disengagement and staying out, engaged neutrality entails active participation in the international security policy in general and in international peace operations in particular. Engaged neutrality means involvement whenever possible and staying out only if necessary.

Democracies are extremely unlikely to wage war against other democracies - this main proposition of the Democratic Peace theory constitutes the starting point for this volume. Chapters authored by experts from different parts of the world explore the concept of Democratic Peace in greater depth in relation to selected issue areas and in comparison to other concepts such as security communities or concerts of powers. The role and significance of international organizations and gender equality, for instance, are discussed and assessed in this context. The objective guiding this exercise is to give an answer to the question as to whether Democratic Peace and the other two concepts - i.e. security communities and concerts of powers - can provide a solution to today's security challenges and constitute a guide to peaceful co-existence and conflict settlement. So, the chapters discuss intellectual frameworks at some length, at the same time, reflecting on potential inferences for the outside world and highlighting associated challenges, limits, or even possible adverse implications.

Dieses Buch wendet sich vorwiegend an Studierende natur- und ingenieurwissenschaftlicher Studiengange der ersten Semester an Technischen Universitaten und Fachhochschulen. Im Mittelpunkt stehen Vektoren, Determinanten und Matrizen, Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren quadratischer Matrizen, Geraden und Ebenen im Raum, lineare Gleichungssysteme, Verschiebung und Drehung von Koordinatensystemen, Kegelschnitte."

Die vorliegende Sammlung von Fragen und Aufgaben zur Analysis stiitzt sich auf Erfahrungen, die die Autoren an der Technischen Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg bei der mathematischen Ausbildung bis zum Vordiplom von Studenten der Natur-und Ingenieurwissenschaften iiber Jahre hinweg sammeln konnten. Das Buch solI der Festigung und Vertiefung des in den Vorlesungen gebotenen Stoffes dienen, die Nutzer zum Selbststudium anregen und vor allem bei der Vorbereitung auf Klausuren und miindliche Priifungen im Rahmen des Vordi ploms Orientierung und Hilfsmittel sein. Die Aufgabensammlung ist in sechs Komplexe mit entsprechenden Teilabschnit ten unterteilt. Jeder Teilabschnitt beginnt mit einer Zusammenstellung wichti ger Formeln und Eigenschaften, die gleichzeitig als Basis fur die nachfolgenden Fragen und Aufgaben des jeweiligen Abschnitts anzusehen sind. Dem Zweck des Buches entsprechend wurde die Zusammenstellung knapp gehalten und er hebt keinen Anspruch auf Vollstandigkeit. Fur weitreichendere Fragestellungen solI ten bei Bedarf die im Literaturverzeichnis angegebenen Lehrwerke genutzt werden. Am Schlufi jedes Ubungskomplexes findet der Nutzer die Antworten zu allen gestellten Fragen, Losungen sowie in der Mehrzahl der Falle auch Ansatze und Losungswege zu den Aufgaben. Der Band wurde von vier Autoren zusammengestellt. Vorschlage und Hinweise, die der Verbesserung und Vervollkommnung des Buches dienen, nehmen die Autoren dankend entgegen. Besonderer Dank gilt den Mitarbeiterinnen Frau Dipl.Ing.(FH) I. Gugel, Frau M. Loscher, Frau M. Robakowski, Frau B. Schneider, Frau K. Uhlemann, Frau Dipl.-Math. U. Wimmer und Frau cand.math. K. Kempe, die die Schreibarbei ten ausfiihrten bzw. die Zeichnungen anfertigten."