This open access book traces the journey of nuclear law: its origins, how it has developed, where it is now, and where it is headed. As a discipline, this highly specialized body of law makes it possible for us to benefit from the life-saving applications of nuclear science and technology, including diagnosing cancer as well as avoiding and mitigating the effects of climate change. This book seeks to give readers a glimpse into the future of nuclear law, science and technology. It intends to provoke thought and discussion about how we can maximize the benefits and minimize the risks inherent in nuclear science and technology. This compilation of essays presents a global view in discipline as well as in geography. The book is aimed at representatives of governments-including regulators, policymakers and lawmakers-as well representatives of international organizations and the legal and insurance sectors. It will be of interest to all those keen to better understand the role of law in enabling the safe, secure, and peaceful use of nuclear technology around the world. The contributions in this book are written by leading experts, including the IAEA's Director General, and discuss the four branches of nuclear law-safety, security, safeguards and nuclear liability-and the interaction of nuclear law with other fields of national and international law.

The need has arisen for a comprehensive handbook for engineers faced with problems of radiation shielding design. Although there are several excellent books on shielding, they either do not give enough consideration to the many practical design problems, or are limited to special aspects of the subject. Recognizing the universal need, the International Atomic Energy Agency decided to sponsor the publication ofthe present Engineering Compendium on Radiation Shield ing. At the first editorial discussions it was agreed that, if such a book were to be undertaken, it would be appropriate not only to create a useful design tool for the practising engineer but also to include well-referenced basic data for the research worker. Although trying to keep the book down to a reasonable size, the editors have aimed at a complete presentation of the subject, covering and linking both the tech nology and the science of shielding. Efforts to make terms and definitions consistent throughout have been only partially successful, owing to the continuing development of new ideas. However, inconsisten cies that could not be eliminated are identified whenever possible."

This publication is a revision of IAEA Nuclear Security Series No. 8, Preventive and Protective Measures against Insider Threats, published in 2008. The new publication provides updated guidance to States, their competent authorities and operators, and shippers and carriers on selecting, implementing and evaluating measures for addressing insider threats. It applies to any type of nuclear facility, notably nuclear power plants, research reactors and other nuclear fuel cycle facilities (e.g. enrichment plants, reprocessing plants, fuel fabrication plants, storage facilities), whether in design, redesign, construction, commissioning, operation, shutdown or decommissioning.

La Guía para el uso de sedimentos en la reconstrucción histórica de la contaminación en zonas costeras presenta los métodos, procedimientos operacionales y recomendaciones prácticas para el muestreo, la preparación y la fechación de perfiles sedimentarios mediante los radionucleidos 210Pb y 137Cs, con el propósito de evaluar tendencias históricas de la contaminación en zonas costeras. La guía contribuye a la armonización metodológica entre los laboratorios que fechan sedimentos marino-costeros y es complementaria al libro Radiocronología de sedimentos costeros utilizando 210Pb: modelos, validación y aplicaciones, publicado por el OIEA en 2012.

This open access book traces the journey of nuclear law: its origins, how it has developed, where it is now, and where it is headed. As a discipline, this highly specialized body of law makes it possible for us to benefit from the life-saving applications of nuclear science and technology, including diagnosing cancer as well as avoiding and mitigating the effects of climate change. This book seeks to give readers a glimpse into the future of nuclear law, science and technology. It intends to provoke thought and discussion about how we can maximize the benefits and minimize the risks inherent in nuclear science and technology. This compilation of essays presents a global view in discipline as well as in geography. The book is aimed at representatives of governments-including regulators, policymakers and lawmakers-as well representatives of international organizations and the legal and insurance sectors. It will be of interest to all those keen to better understand the role of law in enabling the safe, secure, and peaceful use of nuclear technology around the world. The contributions in this book are written by leading experts, including the IAEA's Director General, and discuss the four branches of nuclear law-safety, security, safeguards and nuclear liability-and the interaction of nuclear law with other fields of national and international law.

This revision provides guidance on how to establish or improve, develop, implement, maintain, and sustain computer security within nuclear facilities. This publication addresses the use of risk informed approaches to establish and enhance computer security policies, programmes; it describes the integration of computer security into the management system of a facility; establishes a systematic approach to identifying facility functions and appropriate computer security measures that protect sensitive digital assets and the facility from the consequence of cyber-attacks consistent with the threat assessment or design basis threat.

This is the 41st edition of Reference Data Series No. 2, which presents the most recent reactor data available to the IAEA. It contains summarized information as of the end of 2020 on power reactors operating, under construction and shut down as well as performance data on reactors operating in the IAEA Member States. The information is collected through designated national correspondents in the Member States and the data are used to maintain the IAEA's Power Reactor Information System (PRIS).

This handbook on ageing management for nuclear power plants (NPPs) has been developed in compliance with relevant IAEA safety standards and draws on lessons learned from ageing management practices worldwide. It provides an overview of the topic and guidance on proactive ageing management within NPPs. The publication also collates information on ageing mechanisms, effects on structures, systems and components, the regulatory framework as well as some details on innovative techniques and research and development in the area. The information is presented concisely with clear flow charts and with structured reference to the underlying principles. The handbook will support NPP staff, maintenance managers, vendors, personnel at research organizations and regulators in their work related to the ageing of structures, systems and components.

This Safety Guide provides guidance and recommendations on how to meet the relevant requirements for ensuring subcriticality when dealing with fissile material and for planning the response to criticality accidents. The guidance and recommendations are applicable to both regulatory bodies and operating organizations. The objectives of criticality safety are to prevent a self-sustained nuclear chain reaction and to minimize the consequences of this if it were to occur. The Safety Guide makes recommendations on how to ensure subcriticality in systems involving fissile materials during normal operation, anticipated operational occurrences, and, in the case of accident conditions, within design basis accidents, from initial design through commissioning, operation, and decommissioning and disposal.

Generation-IV reactors are being designed as nuclear systems with revolutionary features, offering higher levels of safety, economics, proliferation resistance and sustainability than the current generation. At present six designs, at different levels of preparedness, have been selected as the most promising, and their implementation is planned around 2040. Having in mind that the process of new fuel design and licensing takes decades, development of their radiation testing techniques is an urgent task. At the same time about 96% of the currently operated 435 power units in 30 countries are watercooled reactors, and the process of the evolutionary deployment of their upgraded Generation III+ is ongoing with economically driven gradual increase of fuel burnup, that pushes down the fuel share in the overall cost of nuclear power

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) and their potentially devastating, wide-ranging impacts are now a well-established threat to marine and freshwater ecosystems. The IAEA technical cooperation program is working to integrate HAB management and monitoring activities of its Member States in order to support the need for sustainable safe seafood supply. Within this framework the radioligand receptor binding assay (RBA) for HAB toxin detection has been identified as a beneficial technology for use by Member States in HAB research and monitoring, and ultimately in a regulatory context since its adoption as an AOAC first action official method. This publication outlines the theoretical and practical aspects of the RBA method as it applies to the detection of toxins causing several human intoxication syndromes, i.e. paralytic shellfish poisoning, Ciguatera, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning and amnesic shellfish poisoning.

The foundation of this series, "Nuclear Energy Basic Principles", describes the rationale and vision for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, identifying the basic principles on which nuclear energy systems should be based to fulfil their potential to meet growing global energy demands. This new publication outlines the beneficial, responsible and sustainable use of nuclear power. It clearly identifies and describes eight basic principles, specifically: benefits, transparency, protection of people and the environment, security, non-proliferation, long term commitment, and resource efficiency and continual improvement. These basic principles are intended to provide a holistic approach to the use of nuclear energy and to be equally applicable to all elements of nuclear energy systems, including human resources and technical, management and economic aspects. The basic principles described within this publication are of critical importance as they form the basis of discussion for all three document levels within the "Nuclear Energy Series": Objectives, Guides and Technical Reports. "The Nuclear Energy Series" covers topics within four distinct subject areas: Nuclear General, Nuclear Power, Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Radioactive Waste Management and Decommissioning, and complements other publications such as those in the "IAEA Safety Standards Series", the "IAEA Nuclear Security Series", and those dealing with safeguards and publications issued by other organisations.

Ion beam techniques contribute significantly to the research and development of new materials in important research areas such as information technology, energy management, environmental protection and human health. This publication contains information on how to facilitate applied, innovative research and development efforts using low energy accelerators to study material characteristics, develop appropriate techniques and synthesize novel materials, and to strengthen the capacity of accelerator laboratories in developing countries. The publication will be of interest to researchers in polymer materials as well as to representatives of national organizations who are intending to pursue the enhancement of utilization of ion beams and accelerators for materials modification.

This publication is a modern-day guide for the application of nuclear medicine in the management of thyroid cancer. The use of thyroid scanning has long been central to the diagnosis, treatment and overall management of thyroid cancer. As the understanding of thyroid diseases has progressed, so has the targeted use of radioisotopes such as radio iodine. This book is divided into three sections: evaluation, management and long term follow-up, and it details the application of such technology in all relevant aspects of clinical care. With its overall aim being to prompt the review of outdated protocols, this comprehensive publication offers numerous suggestions for improving operational performance.

This publication contains proceedings of a symposium on Radioactive Residues and the Environment. Radioactive residues can originate from several sources and may give rise to radiation exposure of people. These proceedings include all papers presented and discussions held at the symposium.

Quality management (QM) is essential for modern nuclear medicine departments. This publication presents a method of conducting a systematic annual audit process. A key outcome of the QM methodology should be a culture of reviewing essential elements of the clinical service. Each chapter of this publication is set out as a series of questions related to specific components of the nuclear medicine service. The diversity of the service and the multidisciplinary nature of the contributions (including clinical, technical, radiopharmaceutical and medical physics procedures) are considered. The QM methodology described in this publication is designed to be applied to a variety of economic circumstances and will be of use to those involved in the development or implementation of QM systems.

This is the twenty-ninth edition of "Reference Data Series number 2, Nuclear Power Reactors in the World", which is published once per year, and presents the most recent reactor data available to the IAEA. It contains the following summarised information: general information as of the end of 2008 on power reactors operating or under construction, and shut down; performance data on reactors operating in the Agency's Member States, as reported to the IAEA. The IAEA's Power Reactor Information System (PRIS) is a comprehensive data source on nuclear power reactors in the world. It includes specification and performance history data of operating reactors as well as reactors under construction or reactors being decommissioned. PRIS data are collected by the IAEA through the designated national correspondents of Member States.