Abstract This chapter defines food security as the condition reached when a nation's population has access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet its dietary needs and food preferences. It stresses China's importance to global food security because of its population size. The chapter introduces the contents of the volume and then treats briefly food security in ancient and dynastic (211 bc-1912) China. It examines environmental stressors, such as population growth, natural disasters, and insect pests as well as imperial responses (for example, irrigation, flood control, storage and transportation systems). The chapter also briefly int- duces the Republican era (1912-1949) and compares environmental stressors and government responses then to those of the imperial period. Keywords Food system * Food security * Food production regions * Environmental stressors (Population growth * Natural disasters * Insect pests and Plant diseases * Deforestation * Climate change) * Irrigation systems * Flood control * Grand Canal 1. 1 The Problem of Food Security and Environmental Change Food is the material basis to human survival, and in each nation-state, providing a system for the development, production, and distribution of food and its security is a primary national objective. Many forces have influenced the food security of peoples since ancient times, with particular challenges from natural disasters (floods, famines, drought, and pestilence) and growing populations globally.

The combined expertise of the McBeaths and their two associates is truly impressive: academic careers in science and politics and substantial work concerning the environment in China. This expertise is well integrated in this excellent analysis of environmental education in China. The depth of detail in the book is extraordinary for a discussion of Chinese public policy; the interpretations and conclusion are sophisticated and convincing; and there are several thoughtful policy recommendations as well.' - Cal Clark, Auburn University, US'Facing severe environmental deterioration for several decades, it is no surprise that China pays attention to environmental education as part of its mitigation strategies. This volume provides a useful overview of the development, state of the art and diversity of China's system of environmental education. Most interestingly, it details the similarities and differences with Western environmental education developments, both within and outside formal schools and universities.' - Arthur Mol, Wageningen University, the Netherlands China's environmental issues have been the subject of global criticism long before authors Gerald McBeath and Jenifer Huang McBeath began their study, yet often overlooked are the sizable efforts of the Chinese people and government to change attitudes and behavior in order to improve environmental outcomes. This much-needed book offers a comprehensive introduction to environmental education in China, from consideration of the environment in Confucian philosophy and provision of environmental education in schools and colleges, to the role of non-state actors and the media. The authors' examination of conditioning factors and educational variation within China - particularly their focus on the application of directives, new guidelines and analysis of teacher training in compulsory, secondary and college education - offers an insightful measure of the efficacy of environmental education over time. This unique book will appeal to researchers, scholars and educators interested in the areas of comparative education and environmental studies, both in China and internationally.

Abstract This chapter defines food security as the condition reached when a nation's population has access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet its dietary needs and food preferences. It stresses China's importance to global food security because of its population size. The chapter introduces the contents of the volume and then treats briefly food security in ancient and dynastic (211 bc-1912) China. It examines environmental stressors, such as population growth, natural disasters, and insect pests as well as imperial responses (for example, irrigation, flood control, storage and transportation systems). The chapter also briefly int- duces the Republican era (1912-1949) and compares environmental stressors and government responses then to those of the imperial period. Keywords Food system * Food security * Food production regions * Environmental stressors (Population growth * Natural disasters * Insect pests and Plant diseases * Deforestation * Climate change) * Irrigation systems * Flood control * Grand Canal 1. 1 The Problem of Food Security and Environmental Change Food is the material basis to human survival, and in each nation-state, providing a system for the development, production, and distribution of food and its security is a primary national objective. Many forces have influenced the food security of peoples since ancient times, with particular challenges from natural disasters (floods, famines, drought, and pestilence) and growing populations globally.