This book summarizes the vast amount of research related to teaching and learning probability that has been conducted for more than 50 years in a variety of disciplines. It begins with a synthesis of the most important probability interpretations throughout history: intuitive, classical, frequentist, subjective, logical propensity and axiomatic views. It discusses their possible applications, philosophical problems, as well as their potential and the level of interest they enjoy at different educational levels. Next, the book describes the main features of probabilistic thinking and reasoning, including the contrast to classical logic, probability language features, the role of intuitions, as well as paradoxes and the relevance of modeling. It presents an analysis of the differences between conditioning and causation, the variability expression in data as a sum of random and causal variations, as well as those of probabilistic versus statistical thinking. This is followed by an analysis of probability's role and main presence in school curricula and an outline of the central expectations in recent curricular guidelines at the primary, secondary and high school level in several countries. This book classifies and discusses in detail the three different research periods on students' and people's intuitions and difficulties concerning probability: early research focused on cognitive development, a period of heuristics and biases programs, and the current period marked by a multitude of foci, approaches and theoretical frameworks.

Dieses Buch fuhrt anschaulich in die Arithmetik komplexer Zahlen ein und behandelt umfassend ihre Rolle sowohl beim Losen von Gleichungen wie auch in der Geometrie der Ebene. Ubungsaufgaben mit Losungen sowie ein Anhang zum Rechnen mit komplexen Zahlen und konformen Abbildungen in MAPLE komplettieren das Lehrbuch."

Ein schweinfurter Polizist arbeitet ca. 40 Stunden in der Woche. Den Rest der Zeit verschlaft er oder kampft mit den kleinen und grossen Problemen des Alltags. Das Buch gewahrt Einblick in alle Bereiche, auch getraumt wird hier in frankischer Mundart