Examines how protective and risk factors associated with two distinct types of youth violence - exposure to and engagement in violence - are nested within four layers of the ecological framework Offers a bridge between the literature on exposure to violence and involvement in violence among youth Places prior and contemporary research within an ecological framework that addresses multiple factors related to protective and risk factors associated with exposure to and engagement in violence Links theory to evidence-based practice by demonstrating how applied and academic knowledge can be used in tandem to encourage translational science to improve neighborhoods and youth experiences within their communities, families, and with their peers while acknowledging the importance of individual characteristics

The Third Advanced Seminar in Neurosurgical Research was held in the Palazzo Pisani Moretta, Venice, Italy from 30th April to 1st May, 1987 and was devoted to "Neuroendocrinological Aspects of Neurosurgery." The general aim of these advanced seminars is to bring together European Neurosurgeons interested or involved in research work, either clinically, experimentally or both, in a given field in order to achieve in-depth informal discussions not possible in the more conventional large congress. In particular, these advanced seminars seek to provide high level teaching by experienced basic scientists, to provide "state of the art" assessment of the subject and to highlight areas of controversy that may be suitable for future research. A special effort is made to identify younger neurosurgeons through the auspices of the European Directory of Neurosurgical Research, who have a particular interest in the subject under discussion, not all of whom will have immediate access to the most advanced, modern technology. The topic of Neuroendocrinology was chosen because clinically it is an area of controversy that should be amenable to application of new techniques, including molecular biology. There is a tendency on the part of Endocrinologists not to appreciate always that disturbances seen by Neurosurgeons may be different and need special attention. Inevitably there has been a little delay in publication of the manuscripts but these have been updated appropriately.

This book is an examination of neighborhood mobilization and engagement from the perspective of several disciplines: psychology, social work, political science, planning, and education. The essays included in the work examine both internal and external factors related to the ability of neighborhoods to meet the human needs of their residents. They address the constraints put on neighborhood mobilization by the local and international political economy, but they also show how those constraints can, in a number of cases, be overcome by effective action. They treat neighborhood engagement as an educational process through which residents enhance their skills and knowledge as they participate. Taken together, these essays provide a comprehensive and multi-faceted view of the issues facing contemporary urban neighborhoods.

This book is an examination of neighborhood mobilization and engagement from the perspective of several disciplines: psychology, social work, political science, planning, and education. The essays included in the work examine both internal and external factors related to the ability of neighborhoods to meet the human needs of their residents. They address the constraints put on neighborhood mobilization by the local and international political economy, but they also show how those constraints can, in a number of cases, be overcome by effective action. They treat neighborhood engagement as an educational process through which residents enhance their skills and knowledge as they participate. Taken together, these essays provide a comprehensive and multi-faceted view of the issues facing contemporary urban neighborhoods.