The objective of this book is the investigation of the activation of the deep cervical extensor semispinalis cervicis. Together with the deep flexor muscles the deep cervical extensors participate essentially in motor control and stabilization of the cervical spine. Apart from one study showing reduced activity of the deep cervical extensors in patients with neck pain data of activation of the deep cervical extensors are lacking. The first study showed a lower recruitment threshold and a higher number of active motor units in healthy subjects at the spinal level C5 compared to C2 reflecting a partially independent neural drive to fascicles of semispinalis cervicis which might be determined by mechanical needs and advantages. The second study discovered lower activity of the semispinalis cervicis in patients with neck pain compared to healthy controls at level C3. Study 3 revealed higher tenderness to pressure of the tissues in patients compared to controls which in both groups was higher at C2 compared to C5. Values of both groups together showed a weak correlation to EMG activity. Study 4 found more activity of semispinalis cervicis relative to splenius capitis when pushing against a resistance at C2 compared to resistances at the occiput and C5. Consequently, activity of semispinalis cervicis seems to be reduced in patients with neck pain, and the muscle offers the possibility of emphasized activation. Further research for investigation of the effect of such an exercise is needed.

Proven and effective orthopedic therapy techniques for musculoskeletal disorders Orthopedic Manual Therapy presents a systematic, step-by-step guide to manual therapy for disorders of the extremities and spine. Readers will find detailed examination and treatment techniques, the newest scientific and clinical advances, and updates on pain physiology, biomechanics, neurodynamics, and the biopsychosocial model of disease as the foundation for manual therapy. Special Features Describes every procedure in well structured, logical sequences of assessment, classification, and intervention, including core questions for patients Covers examination and treatment of all joints, from the toes to the shoulder girdle, with new information on the sacro-iliac joint tests, as well as additional new techniques for the wrist and the hindfoot Provides more than 500 full-color, step-by-step photographs that illustrate every technique for treating functional disorders of the locomotor system Explains the important topic of arthrokinematics (movement of the adjacent joint surfaces) and its role in the mechanics of manual therapy Offers a practical documentation template for recording each articulation and communicating findings to colleagues or physicians Access to 20 instructive videos on the Thieme MediaCenter that demonstrate procedures in real-life clinical situations Complete with case studies, checklists, and study questions, this practical, didactic book is ideal as both a textbook and a reference. Students and practitioners of physical and manual therapy will find it essential for gaining the knowledge and decision-making skills to treat any musculoskeletal disorder related to posture and movement.