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On the evening of 16 May 1943, nineteen Avro Lancasters took off
from RAF Scampton to undertake 617 Squadron's first offensive
attack since its formation a few weeks earlier. Loaded with Barnes
Wallis' newly designed bouncing bombs, the Bomber Command crews set
course for their targets - the vital Mohne, Eder and Sorpe dams
that served the Ruhr, the Third Reich's industrial heartland. By
the time the survivors began landing back at base at 03.11 hours
the following morning, eight of the Lancasters had been shot down.
However, both the Mohne and Eder dams had been breached, while the
Sorpe was damaged. The flood waters that the attacks unleashed
poured downstream, wreaking havoc on the surrounding countryside.
Albert Speer, Hitler's Minister of Armaments and War Production,
later wrote: That night, employing just a few bombers, the British
came close to a success which would have been greater than anything
they had achieved hitherto with a commitment of thousands of
bombers. In 1990, the renowned historian and author Dr John
Sweetman published his seminal work on the events before, during
and after Operation Chastise. His book was the result of decades of
research into the famous attack, in the course of which Dr Sweetman
corresponded with or interviewed many of the individuals involved -
from the scientists to senior officers, and from groundcrew to the
very airmen who delivered Barnes Wallis' bouncing bombs to the
dams. Such was the relationships that developed over the years, Dr
Sweetman became a close friend to many of these individuals and
their families. Some of the information contained in the interview
transcripts and letters he received was included in his original
book; much more, however, was never used. This is particularly the
case with the many letters and conversations which Dr Sweetman
received or had after his book was first published - much of which
adds to, or elaborates on, the narrative of the events in May 1943.
Dr Sweetman has delved into his remarkable archive of material to
present unseen sections of it here, for the historian or general
reader, for the very first time.
The German battleships Bismarck and Tirpitz had brutally short
careers. The Bismarck was sunk by the Home Fleet on her first
operational sortie in May 1941. But the Tirpitz, hiding in
Norwegian fjords, remained a menace to Allied convoys and tied down
the British Home Fleet for three years. Periodic scares that the
Tirpitz was 'out' disrupted naval operations and in 1942 led to the
dispersal and destruction of Convoy PQ17. Many attacks on the
Tirpitz were made by British X-craft and Chariots, by the Fleet Air
Arm and by RAF Bomber Command. From May 1940 over 700 British
aircraft tried to bomb, mine or torpedo the Tirpitz on 33 separate
missions; she was finally destroyed by Lancaster bombers with 5-ton
Tallboy bombs. This is the most comprehensive account of the air
attacks on 'the beast' ever published, which is the result of
extensive research of the British and German records by the author,
former head of Defence and International Affairs at RMA Sandhurst.
First published in 1999, this book explores how, from the stone
bridges of neoclassicism which soar out of wild woods to span
pastoral valleys to the post-1750 engineer's bridge with its links
to the more industrial landscape, the bridge was a popular feature
in painting throughout the period 1700-1920. Why did so many
artists choose to portray bridges? In this lavishly illustrated and
intriguing book, John Sweetman seeks to answer this question. He
traces the history of the bridge in painting and printmaking
through a vast range of work, some as familiar as William Etty's
The Bridge of Sighs and Claude Monet's The Railway Bridge at
Argenteuil and others less well known such as Wassily Kandinsky's
Composition IV and C.R.W. Nevinson's Looking Through the Brooklyn
Bridge. Distinctive characteristics emerge revealing the complex
role of the bridge as both symbol and metaphor, and as a place of
vantage, meeting and separation.
First published in 1999, this book explores how, from the stone
bridges of neoclassicism which soar out of wild woods to span
pastoral valleys to the post-1750 engineer's bridge with its links
to the more industrial landscape, the bridge was a popular feature
in painting throughout the period 1700-1920. Why did so many
artists choose to portray bridges? In this lavishly illustrated and
intriguing book, John Sweetman seeks to answer this question. He
traces the history of the bridge in painting and printmaking
through a vast range of work, some as familiar as William Etty's
The Bridge of Sighs and Claude Monet's The Railway Bridge at
Argenteuil and others less well known such as Wassily Kandinsky's
Composition IV and C.R.W. Nevinson's Looking Through the Brooklyn
Bridge. Distinctive characteristics emerge revealing the complex
role of the bridge as both symbol and metaphor, and as a place of
vantage, meeting and separation.
The bitter war between Russia and Turkey, aided by Britain and
France, was the setting for the stuff of legends. This book details
the gallant yet suicidal Charge of the Light Brigade. It relates
the reports made by the first real war correspondent, William
Russell of the London Times - reports which served only to
highlight the army's problems - and memorializes the heroic deeds
of Florence Nightingale, who struggled to save young men from the
most formidable enemy in the Crimean War: not the Russians, but
cholera.
The Oriental Obsession begins in the early sixteenth century with
Cardinal Wolsey waiting two years for the delivery of sixty rare
Turkey carpets from Venice, and ends in the age of the great
exhibitions and emporia on both sides of the Atlantic, before and
after 1900, when Islamic objects were seen, appreciated, and bought
by millions of the public. The book is concerned with a subject
which has not been treated before - the history over four centuries
of Islamic artistic traditions and European ideas of Islam as they
affected the visual arts of the west and particularly the
English-speaking peoples. Studies of individual aspects have been
made previously, but this is the first time that an attempt has
been made to consider the subject as a whole. The geographical
purview extends from Moorish Spain in the west to British India in
the east and, besides architecture, the activities that are
involved include painting, ceramics, textiles, metalwork, furniture
and bookcrafts.
In 1917, David Lloyd George declared that airmen were 'the cavalry
of the clouds - the knighthood of this war.' This romantic image
was fostered post-war by writers of adventure stories and the
stunts of Hollywood filmmakers, and yet it was far from the harsh
reality of the life of an airman. From their baptism of fire in
1914 carrying out reconnaissance and experiencing the first
dogfights, to the breakthrough in 1918 which claimed heavy
casualties, the aerial defenders of Britain were continually
tested. In Cavalry of the Clouds John Sweetman describes the
development of British air power during the First World War on the
Western Front, which culminated in the creation of the first
independent air force, the RAF. By making use of the correspondence
of airmen and ground staff of all nationalities, he illustrates the
impact this new type of conflict had on those involved and their
families at home. Extensively researched and handsomely illustrated
with contemporary photographs, Cavalry of the Clouds is an
essential reference work for any student of military history.
During the Second World War aeronautical technology gathered rapid
pace. By 1945, bombers had not only greatly increased in engine
power and range, but the bombs which they carried rose from 250lbs
to 10 tons; the navigator's pencil and rubber of 1939 had been
supplemented by infinitely more sophisticated electronic aids. Yet
the success or failure of each and every bomber still depended
entirely on the efficiency of every member of the crew at his
individual position, the interaction and co-operation of all crew
members as a body. One member of 617 squadron graphically explained
that 'every time we went out, it was seven men against the
Reich'.;Drawing on letters, journals and diaries, John Sweetman
examines the lives the bomber crews lived, from the highs and lows
of their missions to the complexities of their friendships and the
impact their place in the war had on the families and loved ones
they left behind. Part collective biography, part military history,
part social history: this will remain the definitive account of the
bomber crews of the Second World War for years to come.
A comprehensive account of the most audacious bombing raid of the
Second World War. Operation Chastise - the Dambusters Raid, as it
became known - undertaken by 19 Lancasters of 617 Squadron on the
night of 16 May 1943, was the most audacious bombing raid of the
Second World War. For the loss of 11 aircraft, the Mohne and Eder
dams in Germany's industrial heartland were breached, and a famous
if controversial victory won. John Sweetman's book is the most
comprehensive account of this legendary mission, from the
development of Barnes Wallis' 'bouncing bomb' (in reality a
revolving depth-charge) to every moment of the raid itself, under
the charismatic command of Guy Gibson, VC. It recalls a time of
commitment, perseverance and sheer dogged determination in the face
of dangerous and improbable odds.
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