Different fodder species were collected from various fields of (Sargodha, Punjab) Pakistan irrigated with different water treatments. The samples were scitifically treated and statistically analyzed. Mineral levels in different forage species were analyzed with the help of atomic absorption spectrophotometer and flame photometer. Importance of the nutritive elements of various forages for grazing livestock was kept in view with a prime concern to improve the productivity thereof. Also the effect of sewage water on the mineral concentration in the forage species was closely observed in this study in order to assess the critical values below which deficiency or above which toxicity of the elements migt occur. If forage mineral concentrations are below the minimum requirement or above the tolerance level then certainly there would be a need for an effective mineral supplementation strategy. Information gathered could be useful for successful management of grazing livestock with similar ecological conditions where forages are the sole source of mineral nutrition for animals grazing on it.Different agencies can utilize these findings and suggestions for better productivity of livestock.

The Punjab has diverse vegetation types occurring in isolated patches like graveyards, forest plantation and prohibited areas under armed forces and salinity/ sodicity affected soils. Desert and semi-desert vegetations occur in Cholistan and Thar areas, the mountain regions of Punjab and edges of Suleman Range near Rajan Pur have hot mountainous type vegetation. The southern edge of the Potohar Plateau is demarcated by famous salt range of Pakistan. Findings exhibited that how water table, drought, aridity, manmade deforestation, over/ uncontrolled grazing and browsing wiped out the precious plant and algal diversity. This valley needs conservation by adopting different measures and joint efforts of local people, the Government and NGOs. Furthermore, in this study the threatening categories of plant species are identified and also grouped into different biological classes. The species, which are important for ecosystems like endemic and keystone, are given priority for said conservation campaign. This study would lay a foundation for conservation of natural habitat of non-conventional leguminous forage and fodder treasures that is under alarming threats.