Application of additive manufacturing and tissue engineering in the fields of science and technology enables the manufacturing of biocompatible, customized, reliable, and cost-effective parts, restoring the functionality of a failed human body part. This book offers a platform for recent breakthroughs in additive manufacturing related to biomedical applications. This book highlights some of the top innovations and advances in additive manufacturing and processing technologies that are the future of the manufacturing industry while also presenting current challenges and opportunities regarding the choice of material. This book includes areas of applications such as surgical guides, tissue regeneration, artificial scaffolds, implants, and drug delivery and release. Throughout the book, an emphasis is placed on rapid tooling for engineering applications. Additive Manufacturing of Polymers for Tissue Engineering: Fundamentals, Applications, and Future Advancements acts as a first-hand source of information for academic scholars and commercial manufacturers as they make strategic manufacturing and development plans.

Ocimum species has been used as a traditional remedy for various ailments such as arthritis, bronchitis, cold, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, dysentery, and flatulence, as well as for healing wounds and lowering blood glucose level. These are characterized by variations in their morphology such as the shape, size and pigmentation of leaves, which cause differences in chemical composition and affect the commercial value of this genus. This book describes phytochemical investigations of Ocimum species using LC-MS/MS instruments to study qualitative and quantitative variations of phytochemicals in different Ocimum species. Features: Collection of Ayurvedic features and scientific analytical and pharmacological evidence of most important medicinal plants of genus Ocimum. Chemical signatures for the identification of Ocimum species. Easy-to-use analytical procedure for quality control of plants of Ocimum species and its herbal products.

Tinospora cordifolia stem is used as a tonic, vitalizer, and as a remedy for metabolic disorders to treat allergies, diabetes, dysentery, jaundice, heart diseases, leprosy, rheumatoid arthritis, skin diseases, and urinary disorders. It shows anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic actions and immunosuppressive effects. This book focuses on providing gender and geographical location-based differences in the phytoconstituents of T. cordifolia by the liquid chromatography mass spectrometric method. These methods have potential use in the quality control of T. cordifolia and the screening of herbal preparations. Features: Compilation of ayurvedic features of one of the most important plants of the Indian system of medicines. Useful for all ayurvedic practitioners, researchers, faculty, students, and herbal product manufacturers. Application of advance hyphenated LC-MS techniques for variation study in phytoconstituents.

Withania is a genus of the nightshade family of flowering plants distributed in the subtropical regions from the Mediterranean to South East Asia. Only two species, W. somnifera and W. coagulans, are found in India. The most common species is W. somnifera (WS), which occurs naturally in the subtropical regions from the Mediterranean through Africa to the Middle East, the Indian Continent, Sri Lanka, South East Asia, subtropical America and Australia. It is a perennial shrub that grows to 75 cm (.75 m) tall with tomentose branches, oval yellowish green leaves, orange red berries and a papery calyx, and it survives harsher climatic conditions. In Ayurveda it is believed the plants which survive harsh conditions have strong healing and tonification properties. The main bioactive phytoconstituents of WS are withanolides (steroidal lactones), alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, phenolics and others. Among the various withanolides, withanolide A, withaferin A, withanone and withanolide D are the most abundant, having various activities. WS is a wonder herb with a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, antidepressant, aphrodisiac, antiulcerogenic, antivenom, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, anticancer, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, anticancerous, antidiabetic, antitumor, hemopoetic neuroregenerative, immunomodulatory, cardioprotective, radio-sensitizing, rejuvenating, antistress, sedative, hypoglycemic, thyroprotective, adaptogenic, antispasmodic, immunomodulatory, immunostimulant and antiaging properties. The simultaneous quantitative analysis of six major bioactive withanolides in five varieties of WS and in different plant parts (root, stem and leaf) of WS was accomplished. This method is also applicable to control the quality of commercially formulated products which contain WS bioactive compounds. Results indicated the WS variety NMITLI-135 showed the maximum abundance of withanolides at pH 8.5, EC-0.5 dS m 1, ESP-13 in sodic soil. Our results showed this readily available, rapid and reliable method is suitable for the routine analysis and effective quality control of raw materials and finished products. FEATURES Presents a collection of Ayurvedic features and scientific analytical and pharmacological evidence of important medicinal plants of Withania somnifera Useful for natural product researchers, faculty, students and herbal product manufacturers Uses advanced hyphenated techniques for assessing phytoconstituents

Cassia is an indigenous plant in Africa, Latin America, Northern Australia and Southeast Asia. Several Cassia species are of high commercial and medicinal significance since they are used as spices and in traditional medicines. Currently plants from genus Cassia is in great demand due to their immense medicinal properties. Cassia species have various pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antiarthritic, hepatoprotective, antitumor, antifertility, antifungal, antioxidant, antileishmaniatic, antimicrobial, CNS and hypoglycaemic activitiy. Different class of compounds reported from Cassia species are anthraquinones, phenolics, flavonoids, chromenes, terpenes, proanthocyanidins, coumarins, chromones and lignans. The taxonomy and nomenclature of Cassia species are quite complex. It is very difficult to differentiate them due to their overlapping morphological characters and close similarities. This usually leads to misidentification and misinterpretation of the components. Features: Presents collection of Ayurvedic features and scientific evidence of most important medicinal plants of Cassia species Chemical signatures for identification of Cassia species Easy to use analytical procedure for quality control of Cassia species and its products.

Rauvolfia species, commonly known as Sarpagandha, has been traditionally used in Ayurveda for curing high blood pressure, hypertension, snake bites, fever, and mental illnesses. Due to its wide variety and differences in chemical composition, it is necessary to develop an efficient and reliable method for rapid screening and determination of phytochemicals in the extracts of the Rauvolfia species. This book will provide qualitative and quantitative comparative phytochemical investigations of selected medicinal plants from the Rauvolfia genus using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques. The results will help in assuring the efficacy and safety of Rauvolfia herbal products. Features: Collection of Ayurvedic features and scientific evidence of important medicinal plants. Discusses chemical signatures for the identification of Rauvolfia (Sarpagandha) and its products. Easy-to-use analytical procedure for quality control of Rauvolfia and its products.

Tinospora cordifolia stem is used as a tonic, vitalizer, and as a remedy for metabolic disorders to treat allergies, diabetes, dysentery, jaundice, heart diseases, leprosy, rheumatoid arthritis, skin diseases, and urinary disorders. It shows anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic actions and immunosuppressive effects. This book focuses on providing gender and geographical location-based differences in the phytoconstituents of T. cordifolia by the liquid chromatography mass spectrometric method. These methods have potential use in the quality control of T. cordifolia and the screening of herbal preparations. Features: Compilation of ayurvedic features of one of the most important plants of the Indian system of medicines. Useful for all ayurvedic practitioners, researchers, faculty, students, and herbal product manufacturers. Application of advance hyphenated LC-MS techniques for variation study in phytoconstituents.

Ocimum species has been used as a traditional remedy for various ailments such as arthritis, bronchitis, cold, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, dysentery, and flatulence, as well as for healing wounds and lowering blood glucose level. These are characterized by variations in their morphology such as the shape, size and pigmentation of leaves, which cause differences in chemical composition and affect the commercial value of this genus. This book describes phytochemical investigations of Ocimum species using LC-MS/MS instruments to study qualitative and quantitative variations of phytochemicals in different Ocimum species. Features: Collection of Ayurvedic features and scientific analytical and pharmacological evidence of most important medicinal plants of genus Ocimum. Chemical signatures for the identification of Ocimum species. Easy-to-use analytical procedure for quality control of plants of Ocimum species and its herbal products.

Rauvolfia species, commonly known as Sarpagandha, has been traditionally used in Ayurveda for curing high blood pressure, hypertension, snake bites, fever, and mental illnesses. Due to its wide variety and differences in chemical composition, it is necessary to develop an efficient and reliable method for rapid screening and determination of phytochemicals in the extracts of the Rauvolfia species. This book will provide qualitative and quantitative comparative phytochemical investigations of selected medicinal plants from the Rauvolfia genus using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques. The results will help in assuring the efficacy and safety of Rauvolfia herbal products. Features: Collection of Ayurvedic features and scientific evidence of important medicinal plants. Discusses chemical signatures for the identification of Rauvolfia (Sarpagandha) and its products. Easy-to-use analytical procedure for quality control of Rauvolfia and its products.

This book comprises the select proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (ICETMIE) 2019. The conference covers current trends in thermal, design, industrial, production and other sub-disciplines of mechanical engineering. This volume focuses on different industrial and production engineering areas such as additive manufacturing, rapid prototyping, computer aided engineering, advanced manufacturing processes, manufacturing management and automation, sustainable manufacturing systems, metrology, manufacturing process optimization, operations research and decision-making models, production planning and inventory control, supply chain management, and quality engineering. The contents of this book will be useful for students, researchers and other professionals interested in industrial and production engineering.

This book includes information about evaluation of Eucalyptus clones and species against gall insect Leptocybe invasa Fisher and La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on morphological basis. Eucalyptus is extensively cultivated in Gujarat by wood based industries, State Forest Development Corporation and tree farmers in social forestry or farm forestry. In Gujarat it has been reported to be damaged by gall wasp or blue gum chalcid on seedlings and young trees. In mature trees, the galls occur only on leaf midribs. Eucalyptus trees up to two years of age have been found more prone to the pest.The evaluations were carried out on 15 Eucalyptus clones at NAU; Navsari viz., P-72, P-1, P-105, P-316, P-407, P-498, P-2070, P-3020, P-2045, BCM-271, P-2069, BCM-2253, BCM-413, BCM-272, BCM-288 and two Eucalyptus species viz; Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. citriodora in south gujarat condition. The investigations evaluated Eucalyptus clones and species against Eucalyptus gall insect Leptocybe invasa under field condition and also to studied role of morphological characters on incidence of the pest species

This survey of Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) throughout the state of Gujarat, India, aims to set availability, production, consumption, management, marketing and policy in the context of social and economic development of tribal communities. This book is not intended to be a manual of practice, rather, it is a comprehensible introduction to NTFPs' status in Gujarat. This book will also be useful to practitioners perhaps coming to the contribution of NTFPs to the forest revenue, production status etc.

This book is mainly focus on Grand Naine which has been become one of the most popular varieties of Banana for commercial plantations.The moderate height allows easy harvesting and some resistance to wind throw.Because of its importance as a staple crop as well as a cash crop, much botanical research has focused around the Grand Naine. Despite such advantages, authentic information available on morphological, phenological and yield attributing variations is limited in banana plant.So that investigation was carried out on banana cv. Grand Naine.We recorded growth charac-ters such as leaf characters, pseudostem charact-ers, inflorescence or male bud, crop duration, yield & yield attributing characters likewise bunch weight, no. of hands, hand weight, no. of fruit on second hand, no. of fruits per bunch, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit pedicel length, fruit pedicel width, fruit weight, fruit shape and fruit apex.We applied the dose of fertilization for each plant was fed with 10 kg FYM per plant should be applied as basal and the recommended dose of fertilizer of 300g N, 90 g P and 200 g K per

Brahmi ghrita was an important formulation used for treatment of mental disorders mentioned in Ayurveda system of medicine (one of the oldest medical system).It contain Bacopa monnieri, Convolvulus pluricaulis, Saussurea lappa, Acorus calamus and old clarified butter. It was prepared by one of unique pharmaceutical process mentioned in Ayurveda i.e. Sneha kalpana. Pharmaceutical and analytical standardization of it was done as per standard protocol mentioned in Ayurveda and tried to used modern scientific parameter for it. It pharmacological activity like nontropical and anti amnesic activity against scopolamine was evaluated by Elevated maze plus, Passive avoidance and active avoidance models. it was found that Brahmi Ghrita have significant positive activity in all models. All ingredient of it have potent effect on Nontropical and anti amnesic activity except Saussurea lappa which has potent anti inflammatory activity. Action of Brahmi Ghrita may be due to synergistic activity of all ingredient used in it.

Streptomyces toxytricini a Gram-positive bacterium belonging to the genus Streptomyces is producer of the pancreatic lipase inhibitor lipstatin, of which the antiobesity drug orlistat is a derivative.The study has been done for optimization of seed media and fermentation media using Plackett-Burman method for increasing the yield of the strain selected.Purification was done on silica gel column and identification of lipstatin molecule using sophisticated techniques such as IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The presence and identification was also confirmed using TLC and HPLC method. This study also compares the impurity profile and the percentage purity of the lipstatin. The optimized media gave a titer of Lipstatin (1980 mg/ml) which is comparable to highest producing benchmarks (2400 mg/ml), but it is quite economical in a way that this work eliminates the use of L-Leucine as media component. The further increase in yield can be tried by different UV, chemical mutation methods in future