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Parkinson's disease, a degenerative brain disorder, affects an
estimated 0.25-0.50% of the population. Symptoms result from
neuronal degeneration in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway and
include tremor, rigidity and gradual slow- ness of spontaneous
movement. The cause of Parkinson's disease is only partially
understood; both environmental factors and a genetic predisposition
have been im- plicated in its etiopathogenesis. Neural
transplantation is being used experimentally for providing an
alternative biological source of dopamine both in animal studies
and in experimental clinical trials. This book is the result of 15
years of research on the transplantation of dopaminergic neurons in
the striatum of the weaver mouse, a neurological mutant
characterized by genetically-determined degeneration of midbrain
dopamine neurons. The weaver mouse constitutes the only available
laboratory model with a chronic progressive disease that mimics
Parkinsonism. The other two models currently used to investigate
dopaminergic mechanisms rely on the use of the neurotoxins-
hydroxydopamine and methylphenyltetrahydropyridine for the
selective removal of dopaminergic neurons from an otherwise healthy
organism. Structural and functional aspects of transplantation of
mesencephalic dopamin- ergic grafts into the striatum of weaver
mice are reviewed, including histochemical correlates of graft
survival and integration, numerical aspects of donor neuron
survival, ultrastructural findings on synaptogenesis, neurochemical
indices of dopam- ine uptake function and receptor binding, gene
expression of several structural and neurotransmitter-receptor
related molecules, the levels of striatal amino acid receptors, and
the behavioral effects of unilateral and bilateral neuronal
transplantations.
The book comprises biographical notes, of about 1000 words each,
with a portrait photo, of 90 influential figures of the famous
prewar Viennese school of neuropsychiatry, appearing together for
the first time in a single volume. The entries focus on the
academic lives and scientific contributions of pioneers in the
neurological sciences viewed from a modern perspective. These
updated profiles are based on substantial new research. The book
includes a wide range of people, some famous Nobel laureates, and
others less well known, from the era when Vienna was the epicenter
of brain research. Despite the tragic circumstances of two World
Wars, these pioneers remained resilient, willing to help others
with an admirable dignity against adversity that leaves an
indelible lesson to the later generations. Some fell victim of the
Holocaust. Others overcame the constraints of National Socialism
and ultimately settled overseas to nurture their ambitions and
pursue their intellectual goals as physicians, researchers, and
teachers. The monograph is a useful source for scholars interested
in the evolution of ideas in basic neuroscience, clinical
neurology, and neuropsychiatry, and the investigators who effected
them.
Parkinson's disease, a degenerative brain disorder, affects an
estimated 0.25-0.50% of the population. Symptoms result from
neuronal degeneration in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway and
include tremor, rigidity and gradual slow- ness of spontaneous
movement. The cause of Parkinson's disease is only partially
understood; both environmental factors and a genetic predisposition
have been im- plicated in its etiopathogenesis. Neural
transplantation is being used experimentally for providing an
alternative biological source of dopamine both in animal studies
and in experimental clinical trials. This book is the result of 15
years of research on the transplantation of dopaminergic neurons in
the striatum of the weaver mouse, a neurological mutant
characterized by genetically-determined degeneration of midbrain
dopamine neurons. The weaver mouse constitutes the only available
laboratory model with a chronic progressive disease that mimics
Parkinsonism. The other two models currently used to investigate
dopaminergic mechanisms rely on the use of the neurotoxins-
hydroxydopamine and methylphenyltetrahydropyridine for the
selective removal of dopaminergic neurons from an otherwise healthy
organism. Structural and functional aspects of transplantation of
mesencephalic dopamin- ergic grafts into the striatum of weaver
mice are reviewed, including histochemical correlates of graft
survival and integration, numerical aspects of donor neuron
survival, ultrastructural findings on synaptogenesis, neurochemical
indices of dopam- ine uptake function and receptor binding, gene
expression of several structural and neurotransmitter-receptor
related molecules, the levels of striatal amino acid receptors, and
the behavioral effects of unilateral and bilateral neuronal
transplantations.
Based on original research, this monograph is the first to portray
the fascinating life of Bernhard Pollack (1865-1928), a pioneer
neurohistologist, ophthalmologist, and world-class pianist. In
doing so, it revives important scientists and musicians of
fin-du-siecle Berlin. Pollack wrote the first standard reference on
the staining methods for the nervous system (1897). Born into a
Prussian-Jewish family, he received his piano education from Moritz
Moszkowski and his pathology education from Carl Weigert. Pollack
worked at the Institutes of W. Waldeyer (anatomy), E. Mendel
(neuropsychiatry), Nobel laureate R. Koch (infectious diseases),
and the Eye Clinic of P. Silex, before becoming Professor of
Ophthalmology at Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat in 1919. English
translations of two articles by Pollack, on musical memory and on
Moszkowski, are included. The book also chronicles the founding by
Pollack of the Berliner Arzte-Orchester, who in 2011 celebrate
their centennial.
This book presents an English synopsis of five of the most
influential works written in the early twentieth century (in
Spanish originally) by the Argentinian philosopher and psychiatrist
Jose Ingenieros (1877-1925). They are presented together in English
translation in one book for the first time. The Introductory
Chapter is a biographical note on Ingenieros, who was Professor of
Experimental Psychology at the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of
the University of Buenos Aires. The topics covered include
biological psychology, criminology, ethics, and philosophy.
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