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Merck and the pharmaceutical industry are headline news today.
Controversies over public safety, prices, and the ability of the
industry to develop the new drugs and vaccines that society needs
have been covered worldwide. Roy Vagelos, who was head of research
and then CEO at Merck from the mid-1970s through the early 1990s,
addresses these issues here. Success with targeted research started
Merck on a path that would lead to a series of block-buster
therapies that carried the firm to the top of the global industry
in the 1990s and Vagelos into the top position at the company.
Trained as a physician and scientist, he had to learn how to run a
successful business while holding to the highest principles of
ethical behavior. He was not always successful. He and his
co-author explain where and why he failed to achieve his goals and
carefully analyze where he succeeded.
"Highly accessible and sprightly written."-Library Journal Winner
of the Kansas State Library's Kansas Notable Book Award In this
engaging, fast-paced biography, Louis Galambos follows the career
of Dwight D. "Ike" Eisenhower, offering new insight into this
singular man who guided America toward consensus at home and a
peaceful victory in the Cold War. The longtime editor of the
Eisenhower papers, Galambos may know more about this president than
anyone alive. In this compelling book, he explores the shifts in
Eisenhower's identity and reputation over his lifetime and explains
how he developed his distinctive leadership skills. As a career
military officer, Eisenhower's progress was uneven. Galambos shows
how Ike, with the help of Brigadier General Fox Conner, his mentor
and patron, learned how to profit from his mistakes, pivot quickly,
and grow as a military and civilian leader. On D-Day, Eisenhower
guided the largest amphibious force in history to a successful
invasion of France and a decisive victory. After the defeat of Nazi
Germany, he turned to politics and was elected president in 1952.
While today's fiercely partisan political climate makes it
difficult to imagine a president forging consensus in Washington,
that's exactly what Eisenhower did. As America's leader in an era
of profound postwar changes at home and abroad, President
Eisenhower sought a middle way with compromise and coalition
building. He provided his country with firm-handed leadership,
bringing prosperity and peace to the American people in the
dangerous years of the Cold War-an accomplishment that made him one
of the most influential men of the twentieth century. Destined to
be the best short biography of the thirty-fourth president of the
United States, Eisenhower conclusively demonstrates how and why
this master of the middle way became the successful leader of the
free world.
In Medicine, Science, and Merck, the authors trace the careers of a son of Greek immigrants as he mastered three professions and ultimately became the Chief Executive Officer of America’s most admired corporation - the multinational, pharmaceutical giant, Merck & Co., Inc. As the authors show, there was hope even for a wise-cracking kid living through the hard times of the 1930s. Education brought out the scholar in Roy Vagelos, who left his family’s small restaurant to attend the University of Pennsylvania, Columbia’s Medical School, and Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. At NIH, he mastered biochemistry; at Washington University he became a distinguished science administrator; and at Merck, he headed the pharmaceutical industry’s most innovative laboratory and then became its CEO. Throughout, he never lost touch with his family values, his intense desire to help others, or his faith in the partnership principle and the competition that makes it work.
"Highly accessible and sprightly written."-Library Journal Winner
of the Kansas State Library's Kansas Notable Book Award In this
engaging, fast-paced biography, Louis Galambos follows the career
of Dwight D. "Ike" Eisenhower, offering new insight into this
singular man who guided America toward consensus at home and a
peaceful victory in the Cold War. The longtime editor of the
Eisenhower papers, Galambos may know more about this president than
anyone alive. In this compelling book, he explores the shifts in
Eisenhower's identity and reputation over his lifetime and explains
how he developed his distinctive leadership skills. As a career
military officer, Eisenhower's progress was uneven. Galambos shows
how Ike, with the help of Brigadier General Fox Conner, his mentor
and patron, learned how to profit from his mistakes, pivot quickly,
and grow as a military and civilian leader. On D-Day, Eisenhower
guided the largest amphibious force in history to a successful
invasion of France and a decisive victory. After the defeat of Nazi
Germany, he turned to politics and was elected president in 1952.
While today's fiercely partisan political climate makes it
difficult to imagine a president forging consensus in Washington,
that's exactly what Eisenhower did. As America's leader in an era
of profound postwar changes at home and abroad, President
Eisenhower sought a middle way with compromise and coalition
building. He provided his country with firm-handed leadership,
bringing prosperity and peace to the American people in the
dangerous years of the Cold War-an accomplishment that made him one
of the most influential men of the twentieth century. Destined to
be the best short biography of the thirty-fourth president of the
United States, Eisenhower conclusively demonstrates how and why
this master of the middle way became the successful leader of the
free world.
How can countries chart their own course toward universal health
coverage? Like many ambitious global goals, universal health
coverage (UHC) remains an aspiration for many countries. The World
Health Organization estimates that half the world's population
lacks access to basic health services. Moreover, this already
staggering number masks inequities that exist between and within
countries: gaps between rich and poor, men and women, young and
old, and among people of different ethnic backgrounds. UHC promises
to give all people greater access to higher quality health services
without the fear of financial hardship. But the task of turning
this vision into reality poses a significant challenge for
countries at all stages of economic development. In The Road to
Universal Health Coverage, Jeffrey L. Sturchio, Ilona Kickbusch,
Louis Galambos, and their contributors explore the ways in which
the private sector is already helping countries achieve universal
health coverage. Stressing the many positive aspects of UHC
developments, the book focuses on the new health economy and the
sometimes controversial dimensions of the private sector helping
countries achieve UHC. Theoretical chapters are complemented by a
series of case studies that explore the myriad ways in which
private sector actors are already addressing UHC. What are the
conditions required for countries to translate their successful
experiences and policy promises into practical results for improved
population health? In answering this question, the contributors
examine the relationship between health employment and economic
growth. They also analyze the critical success factors for private
sector engagement in UHC, the role of healthy women in creating and
sustaining healthy economies, and the role of the pharmaceutical
sector. Looking to the political, economic, and social implications
of moving from aspiration to implementation, The Road to Universal
Health Coverage points the way to the many opportunities ahead as
companies continue to work with governments and civil society
partners to help achieve UHC. Jean-Louise Arcand, Hector
Arreola-Ornelas, Nathan J. Blanchet, Christine Bugos, Jim Campbell,
John Campbell, Jr., Ibadat Dhillon, Donika Dimovska, Christian
Franz, Michael Furst, Louis Galambos, Belen Garijo, Adeel Ishtiaq,
Sowmya Kadandale, Ilona Kickbusch, Felicia Marie Knaul, Jeremy
Lauer, Robert Marten, Justin McCarthy, Harald Nusser, K. Srinath
Reddy, Yasmine Rouai, Jeffrey L. Sturchio, Cicely Thomas, Tana
Wuliji, Snow Yang, Pascal Zurn
The Creative Society is the first history to look at modern America
through the eyes of its emerging ranks of professional experts,
including lawyers, scientists, doctors, administrators, business
managers, teachers, policy specialists and urban planners. Covering
the period from the 1890s to the early twenty-first century, Louis
Galambos examines the history that shaped professionals and, in
turn, their role in shaping modern America. He considers the roles
of education, anti-Semitism, racism and elitism in shaping and
defining the professional cadre and examines how matters of gender,
race and ethnicity determined whether women, African Americans and
immigrants from Europe, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East
were admitted to the professional ranks. He also discusses the role
professionals played in urbanizing the United States, keeping the
economy efficient and innovative, showing the government how to
provide a greater measure of security and equity, and guiding the
world's leading industrial power in coping with its complex,
frequently dangerous foreign relations.
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) - including cardiovascular disease,
diabetes, asthma and other chronic respiratory conditions, and
cancers - are the leading causes of death worldwide. An estimated
36 million people die from such diseases each year; this represents
roughly two out of three deaths globally. Eighty percent of these
fatalities occur in developing countries. The statistics are
staggering, yet millions of these deaths are preventable. This is
an urgent global health issue that demands analysis of gaps in NCD
research, new policies and practices, and actionable
recommendations to close the gaps. The Johns Hopkins Institute for
Applied Economics, Global Health, and the Study of Business
Enterprise convened an NCD Working Group of leading scholars to
examine a wide range of issues that both the private and public
sectors must address to make sustainable progress in NCD prevention
and treatment in lower- and middle-income countries. Collected in
this volume are essays on five key areas where strengthened
policies and health systems can have the most impact in the near
future. Features: accelerating regulatory harmonization;
structuring supply chains; improving access to interventions;
restructuring primary care; and promoting multisectoral and
intersectoral action. While there is a growing literature on the
problem of NCDs, none of the available studies provides background
on the range of challenges matched with specific steps that can be
taken by the public sector, private sector, and civil society
working together. Noncommunicable Diseases in the Developing World
presents a framework for understanding the salience of specific
policy recommendations and detailed steps that can be taken now to
move forward in the global campaign against NCDs. This book will be
of interest to practitioners, scholars, and students in public
health as well as those framing and implementing health policies in
the private and public sectors.
The essays in this volume probe the impact the digital revolution
has had, or sometimes failed to have, on global business. Has
digital technology, the authors ask, led to structural changes and
greater efficiency and innovation? While most of the essays support
the idea that the information age has increased productivity in
global business, the evidence of a 'revolution' in the ways
industries are organized is somewhat more blurred, with both
significant discontinuities and features which persist from the
'second' industrial revolution.
This book, first published in 2007, presents research by leading
scholars to an international audience of academics, business
executives, and policy makers. This research is presented in two
clusters. The first cluster of studies explores four cross-cutting
topics, including surveys of the changes in industry structure,
corporate strategies, plant technologies, governmental policies,
finance, and corporate governance. The second cluster of studies
comprises nine country surveys that examine the experiences of
representative nations in chemical production and foreign trade. By
combining the similar historical cases of a few nations (such as
Sweden, Norway, and Finland), the authors are able to deal with
eleven chemical-producing nations, including all of the leaders in
this area as well as some of the important followers.
Otiginally published in 1975. At the time that Louis Galambos
published The Public Image of Big Business in America in 1975,
America had matured into a bureaucratic state. The expression of
the military-industrial complex and big business grew so pervasive
that the postwar United States was defined in large part by its
citizens' participation in large-scale organizational structures.
Noticing this development, Galambos maintains that the "single most
significant phenomenon in modern American history is the emergence
of giant, complex organizations." Today, bureaucratic organizations
influence the day-to-day lives of most Americans-they gather taxes,
regulate businesses, provide services, administer welfare, provide
education, and on and on. These organizations are defined by their
hierarchical structure in which the power of decision-making is
allotted according to abstract rules that create impersonal
scenarios. Bureaucracies have developed as a result of
technological changes in the second half of the nineteenth century.
Based on the premise that these structures had a stronger influence
on modern America than any other single phenomenon, this book
explores the public's response to the growth of the power and
influence of bureaucracy from the years 1880 through 1930. What
results is an examination of the social perception of bureaucracy
and the development of bureaucratic culture.
Wireless entrepreneurs are transforming the way people live and work around the globe. In the process they have created some of the fastest growing companies on the planet. Anytime, Anywhere tells the story of the birth and explosion of cellular and wireless communications as seen through the eyes of one of the industry's pioneers, Sam Ginn. As deregulation and privatization swept the globe, Ginn and his team at AirTouch Communications fought for and won licenses on several continents. They built a successful business using strategic partnerships and joint ventures and demonstrated a new model for global entrepreneurship in an information-based economy. Louis Galombos is Professor of History at Johns Hopkins University. He has written numerous books and articles on entrepreneurship, innovation and regulation, including Networks of Innovation (Cambridge, 1996) and The Rise of the Corporate Commonwealth (Basic, 1989), He is President of the Business History Group. Eric Abrahamson is Principal Historian with The Prologue Group. His research has dealt with telecommunications, banking and regulation in California.
This book, first published in 2007, presents research by leading
scholars to an international audience of academics, business
executives, and policy makers. This research is presented in two
clusters. The first cluster of studies explores four cross-cutting
topics, including surveys of the changes in industry structure,
corporate strategies, plant technologies, governmental policies,
finance, and corporate governance. The second cluster of studies
comprises nine country surveys that examine the experiences of
representative nations in chemical production and foreign trade. By
combining the similar historical cases of a few nations (such as
Sweden, Norway, and Finland), the authors are able to deal with
eleven chemical-producing nations, including all of the leaders in
this area as well as some of the important followers.
Wireless entrepreneurs are transforming the way people live and
work around the globe. In the process they have created some of the
fastest growing companies on the planet. Anytime, Anywhere tells
the story of the birth and explosion of cellular and wireless
communications as seen through the eyes of one of the industry's
pioneers, Sam Ginn. As deregulation and privatization swept the
globe, Ginn and his team at AirTouch Communications fought for and
won licenses on several continents. They built a successful
business using strategic partnerships and joint ventures and
demonstrated a new model for global entrepreneurship in an
information-based economy. Louis Galombos is Professor of History
at Johns Hopkins University. He has written numerous books and
articles on entrepreneurship, innovation and regulation, including
Networks of Innovation (Cambridge, 1996) and The Rise of the
Corporate Commonwealth (Basic, 1989), He is President of the
Business History Group. Eric Abrahamson is Principal Historian with
The Prologue Group. His research has dealt with telecommunications,
banking and regulation in California.
Merck and the pharmaceutical industry are headline news today.
Controversies over public safety, prices, and the ability of the
industry to develop the new drugs and vaccines that society needs
have been covered worldwide. Roy Vagelos, who was head of research
and then CEO at Merck from the mid-1970s through the early 1990s,
addresses these issues here. Success with targeted research started
Merck on a path that would lead to a series of block-buster
therapies that carried the firm to the top of the global industry
in the 1990s and Vagelos into the top position at the company.
Trained as a physician and scientist, he had to learn how to run a
successful business while holding to the highest principles of
ethical behavior. He was not always successful. He and his
co-author explain where and why he failed to achieve his goals and
carefully analyze where he succeeded.
A panoramic survey of the interactions between American business
and public policy, from J.P. Morgan to Lee Iacocca.
AT&T's divestiture was the largest corporate reorganization in
history and has had international repercussions. It was a major
development in American economic policy, and a prominent part of
the deregulation movement of the late 1970s. This study reveals the
internal decision-making process at AT&T and explains how
private and public interests combined to shape corporate and public
policy in late 20th-century America. Temin weaves the strands of
politics, economics, business, and law into an accessible narrative
history that will be of interest to the general reader who wants to
know about government business interaction and how it affects
American citizens. Temin portrays divestiture as a great experiment
in public policy, competition, openness, and international policy.
He concludes that the experiment has been a mix of deliberate
design and uncontrollable forces whose outcome was not foreseen.
The Creative Society is the first history to look at modern America
through the eyes of its emerging ranks of professional experts,
including lawyers, scientists, doctors, administrators, business
managers, teachers, policy specialists and urban planners. Covering
the period from the 1890s to the early twenty-first century, Louis
Galambos examines the history that shaped professionals and, in
turn, their role in shaping modern America. He considers the roles
of education, anti-Semitism, racism and elitism in shaping and
defining the professional cadre and examines how matters of gender,
race and ethnicity determined whether women, African Americans and
immigrants from Europe, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East
were admitted to the professional ranks. He also discusses the role
professionals played in urbanizing the United States, keeping the
economy efficient and innovative, showing the government how to
provide a greater measure of security and equity, and guiding the
world's leading industrial power in coping with its complex,
frequently dangerous foreign relations.
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