In face of the increasingly obvious need to ensure the sustainability of the environment, alternative and renewable energy sources are no longer just the concern of environmentalists and have become commitments of governments virtually everywhere in the world. In this context, ethanol emerges as an excellent substitute for petroleum derivatives. This green alternative fuel is sustained by its own burning because when CO2 serves as a carbon source for the growth of plants, it will allow the carbohydrates to be fermented. In addition, currently different generations of this fuel are being proposed, considering the utilization of their own waste. However, challenges still need to be overcome to enable the second, third and fourth generations of ethanol. At the same time, other renewable fuel alternatives emerge to compete with it. The automobile industry, for example, has been developing new engines, hybrids or not, that can be powered by electricity or H2. In this regard, this book addresses, under different aspects, the main strategies to surpass the remaining obstacles, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of ethanol as a fuel of the future. In this context, the "Ethanol as a Green Alternative Fuel" book shows present and future scenarios about bioethanol and perspective in their chain, considering the economic and environmental impact mitigations approach.

Betrayed by her own sister, Branca Dias is thrown in jail for heresy and forced to endure a grueling trial in Lisbon 1540s. She challenges the power of the Catholic Church and flees to Brazil with her twelve children in 1545.

Apesar do grande avanco da Pesquisa em Ensino de Fisica (PEF) no Brasil, no sentido da compreensao dos problemas relativos ao ensino dessa Ciencia, e da existencia de mecanismos de divulgacao e de formacao (periodicos, eventos, programas de pos-graduacao, sociedades cientificas, comite especifico da area na CAPES, linhas tematicas, publicacoes, projetos, grupos de pesquisa, etc), o que se observa e que pouco se avancou na questao do uso dos resultados dessa pesquisa em sala de aula. O objetivo desta dissertacao e - a partir da analise de relatos de experiencias pedagogicas (nacionais) publicados em periodicos especializados em Ensino de Fisica - identificar as linhas tematicas de pesquisa que tem atraido o interesse de pesquisadores e/ou professores no Brasil, investigar as dificuldades assinaladas pelos mesmos para levar as informacoes respaldadas por tal pesquisa para a pratica pedagogica e, com base na analise de entrevistas, sobre a relacao pesquisa-pratica, com pesquisadores em Ensino de Fisica, estudar a perspectiva destes pesquisadores quanto ao uso de resultados de pesquisa em sala de aula e a influencia na sua pratica pedagogica, bem como o acesso a PEF na formacao inicial