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This volume describes and analyzes the proliferation of new
mechanisms for participation in Latin American democracies and
considers the relationship between direct participation and the
consolidation of representative institutions based on traditional
electoral conceptions of democracy. Encompassing case studies of
Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico, Nicaragua, Uruguay, and Venezuela, the
book draws on original fieldwork to assess how institutions operate
in practice, thus illuminating the conditions under which direct
participation enhances broader aims of democratic participation. In
so doing, it conveys fresh perspectives on the quality of democracy
in Latin America today and about future prospects for deepening
democratic citizenship.
The last two decades have witnessed a substantial change in the
media environment, growing polarization of the two dominant
parties, and increasing inequality of wealth and income. These
profound changes necessitate updating our understanding of
political accountability. Accountability Reconsidered examines how
political accountability functions in the US today given the
dramatic changes in voting behavior, media, congressional dynamics,
and relations between branches. With particular attention to
policymaking, this volume uses original research to analyze
micro-foundations of voter behavior, examining its implications for
incentives and offering insight into the accountability
relationships among voters, interest groups, legislators, and
government bureaucracy. Combining contributions from leading
experts who write about the political system synoptically with
those who focus on specific elements, Accountability Reconsidered
brings together distinct perspectives to focus on the effect of the
informational environment on government officials, bridging
up-to-date knowledge about accountability mechanisms with our
overall understanding of political accountability.
The practice of slavery has been common across a variety of
cultures around the globe and throughout history. Despite the
multiplicity of slavery's manifestations, many scholars have used a
simple binary to categorize slave-holding groups as either 'genuine
slave societies' or 'societies with slaves'. This dichotomy, as
originally proposed by ancient historian Moses Finley, assumes that
there were just five 'genuine slave societies' in all of human
history: ancient Greece and Rome, and the colonial Caribbean,
Brazil, and the American South. This book interrogates this bedrock
of comparative slave studies and tests its worth. Assembling
contributions from top specialists, it demonstrates that the
catalogue of five must be expanded and that the model may need to
be replaced with a more flexible system that emphasizes the notion
of intensification. The issue is approached as a question, allowing
for debate between the seventeen contributors about how best to
conceptualize the comparative study of human bondage.
Events on the battlefields of the Pacific War were not only outgrowths of technology and tactics, but also products of cultural myth and imagination. American Samurai offers a bold and innovative approach to military history by linking combat activity to cultural images. Marines projected ideas and assumptions about themselves and their enemy onto people and events throughout the war--giving life to formerly abstract myths and ideas and molding their behavior to expectations. This fascinating book concludes by considering what happened to the myths and images and how they have been preserved in American society to the present.
Appointments to the United States Supreme Court are now central
events in American political life. Every vacancy unleashes a bitter
struggle between Republicans and Democrats over nominees; and once
the seat is filled, new justices typically vote in predictable
ways. However, this has not always been the case. As late as the
middle of the twentieth century, presidents invested little time
and effort in finding and vetting nominees, often selecting
personal cronies, who senators briskly confirmed. Media coverage
was desultory, public opinion was largely non-existent, and the
justices often voted independently and erratically. In Making the
Supreme Court, Charles M. Cameron and Jonathan P. Kastellec examine
90 years of American political history to show how the growth of
federal judicial power from the 1930s onward inspired a multitude
of groups struggling to shape judicial policy. Over time, some
groups moved beyond lobbying the Court to changing who sits on it.
Other groups formed expressly to influence appointments. These
activists and organized groups penetrated the national party system
so that after about 1980, presidential candidates increasingly
pledged to select and confirm nominees who conformed to specific
policy and ideological litmus tests. Once in office, these
presidents re-shaped the executive selection system to deliver on
their promises. Moreover, the selection process for justices turned
into media events, often fueled by controversy. As Cameron and
Kastellec argue, the result is a new politics aimed squarely at
selecting and placing judicial ideologues on the Court. They make
the case that this new model gradually transformed how the Court
itself operates, turning it into an ideologically driven and
polarized branch. Based on rich data and qualitative evidence,
Making the Supreme Court provides a sharp lens on the social and
political transformations that created a new American politics.
An essential resource for written, oral, and recertifying board
study, as well as an excellent reference for everyday clinical
practice, Current Surgical Therapy, 14th Edition, provides trusted,
authoritative advice on today's best treatment and management
options for general surgery. Residents and practitioners alike
appreciate the concise, highly formatted approach to each topic, as
well as the practical, hands-on advice on selecting and
implementing current surgical approaches from today's preeminent
general surgeons. This highly regarded text remains the only
surgical reference of its kind, offering a complete array of topics
and delivering just the key facts. Covers virtually every problem
that a general surgeon may encounter, synthesizing vast amounts of
information into concise, digestible chapters. Provides thoroughly
updated information throughout, including focused revisions to the
most in-demand topics. Presents each topic using the same
easy-to-follow format: disease presentation, pathophysiology,
diagnostics, and surgical therapy. Includes eight all-new surgical
videos covering enteral stents in the treatment of colonic
obstruction; multiple management approaches to spigelian,
obturator, and lumbar hernias; spontaneous and secondary
pneumothorax, and acute mesenteric ischemia. Features more than
2,000 illustrations-line drawings, graphs, algorithms,
clinical/operative photographs, micrographs, and radiological
images-including hundreds new to this edition. Integrates minimally
invasive surgical techniques, basic science, and critical care
aspects of surgical practice throughout. Discusses which approach
to take, how to avoid or minimize complications, and what outcomes
to expect. Provides a quick, efficient review prior to surgery and
when preparing for surgical boards and ABSITEs. Enhanced eBook
version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to
access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a
variety of devices.
This volume describes and analyzes the proliferation of new
mechanisms for participation in Latin American democracies and
considers the relationship between direct participation and the
consolidation of representative institutions based on more
traditional electoral conceptions of democracy.
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