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The conventional wisdom, based on realist premises, is that nuclear
weapons are an irreversible reality in South Asia, and that efforts
to denuclearize the subcontinent are a futile endeavor. As a
result, real nuclear arms control in South Asia remains elusive and
scholars continue focusing their efforts on how to achieve crisis
stability and deterrence stability in future Indo-Pakistani
confrontations. However, they tend to analyze India and Pakistan's
nuclear diplomacy as if the nuclear competition occurred in
complete isolation from the changing dynamics of the international
social environment. Using a constructivist model, this study brings
nuclear arms control and disarmament back into the debates on the
future of Indo-Pakistani relations. Constructivism recognizes the
independent impact of international norms, such as the Nuclear
Non-Proliferation Norm (NNPN), on India and Pakistan's nuclear
behavior. Even though the NNPN does not legally bind them, it is
reinforced at the global level, and may lead the South Asian rivals
to move in the direction of nuclear arms control and disarmament,
thus reducing the costs, dangers, and risks of an eternal strategic
rivalry. After examining the main tenets of constructivism in
international relations, the works delves into the proliferation
debate, discussing nuclear reversal and U.S. policy toward the
subcontinent since the G. W. Bush administration. It looks at the
prospects for nuclear arms control and disarmament in South Asia
after the U.S.-India nuclear deal of 2008, and the nuclear
abolitionist wave during the first Obama administration. It
concludes with the contribution of social constructivism to
understanding how changes in the India-Pakistan nuclear status quo
can happen.
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