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Cancer is one of the leading death cause of human population
increasingly seen in recent times. Plants have been used for
medicinal purposes since immemorial times. Though, several
synthetic medicines are useful in treating cancer, they are
inefficient and unsafe. However, plants have proved to be useful in
cancer cure. Moreover, natural compounds from plants and their
derivatives are safe and effective in treatment and management of
several cancer types. The anticancer plants such as Catharanthus
roseus, Podophyllum peltatum, Taxus brevifolia, Camptotheca
acuminate, Andrographis paniculata, Crateva nurvala, Croton
tonkinensis, Oplopanax horridus etc., are important source of
chemotherapeutic compounds. These plants have proven their
significance in the treatment of cancer and various other
infectious diseases. Nowadays, several well-known anticancer
compounds such as taxol, podophyllotoxins, camptothecin,
vinblastine, vincristine, homoharringtonine etc. have been isolated
and purified from these medicinal plants. Many of them are used
effectively to combat cancer and other related diseases. The herbal
medicine and their products are the most suitable and safe to be
used as an alternative medicine. Based on their traditional uses
and experimental evidences, the anticancer products or compounds
are isolated or extracted from the medicinally important plants.
Many of these anticancer plants have become endangered due to
ruthless harvesting in nature. Hence, there is a need to conserve
these species and to propagate them in large scale using plant
tissue culture. Alternatively, plant cell tissue and organ culture
biotechnology can be adopted to produce these anticancer compounds
without cultivation. The proper knowledge and exploration of these
isolated molecules or products could provide an alternative source
to reduce cancer risk, anti-tumorigenic properties, and suppression
of carcinogen activities. Anticancer plants: Volume 1, Properties
and Application is a very timely effort in this direction.
Discussing the various types of anticancer plants as a source of
curative agent, their pharmacological and neutraceutical
properties, cryo-preservations and recent trends to understand the
basic cause and consequences involved in the diseases diagnosis. We
acknowledge the publisher, Springer for their continuous
inspiration and valuable suggestions to improvise the content of
this book. We further extend our heartfelt gratitude to all our
book contributors for their support, and assistance to complete
this assignment. I am sure that these books will benefit the
scientific communities including academics, pharmaceuticals,
nutraceuticals and medical practitioners.
The interactions between the plant, soil and microbes are complex
in nature. Events may be antagonistic, mutualistic or synergistic,
depending upon the types of microorganisms and their association
with the plant and soil in question. Multi-trophic tactics can
therefore be employed to nourish plants in various habitats and
growth conditions. Understanding the mechanisms of these
interactions is thus highly desired in order to utilize the
knowledge in an ecofriendly and sustainable way. This holistic
approach to crop improvement may not only resolve the upcoming food
security issues, but also make the environment greener by reducing
the chemical inputs. Plant, soil and microbe, Volume 1:
Implications in Crop Science, along with the forthcoming Volume 2:
Mechanisms and Molecular Interactions, provide detailed accounts of
the exquisite and delicate balance between the three critical
components of agronomy. Specifically, these two titles focus on the
basis of nutrient exchange between the microorganisms and the host
plants, the mechanism of disease protection and the recent
molecular details emerged from studying this multi-tropic
interaction. Together they aim to provide a solid foundation for
the students, teachers, and researchers interested in soil
microbiology, plant pathology, ecology and agronomy.
This book offers an overview of salt stress, which has a
devastating effect on the yields of various agricultural crops
around the globe. Excessive salts in soil reduce the availability
of water, inhibit metabolic processes, and affect nutrient
composition, osmotic balance, and hydraulic conductivity. Plants
have developed a number of tolerance mechanisms, such as various
compatible solutes, polyamines, reactive oxygen species and
antioxidant defense mechanisms, ion transport and
compartmentalization of injurious ions. The exploitation of genetic
variation, use of plant hormones, mineral nutrients, soil microbe
interactions, and other mechanical practices are of prime
importance in agriculture, and as such have been the subject of
multidisciplinary research. Covering both theoretical and practical
aspects, the book provides essential physiological, ecological,
biochemical, environmental and molecular information as well as
perspectives for future research. It is a valuable resource for
students, teachers and researchers and anyone interested in
agronomy, ecology, stress physiology, environmental science, crop
science and molecular biology.
This book offers an overview of salt stress, which has a
devastating effect on the yields of various agricultural crops
around the globe. Excessive salts in soil reduce the availability
of water, inhibit metabolic processes, and affect nutrient
composition, osmotic balance, and hydraulic conductivity. Plants
have developed a number of tolerance mechanisms, such as various
compatible solutes, polyamines, reactive oxygen species and
antioxidant defense mechanisms, ion transport and
compartmentalization of injurious ions. The exploitation of genetic
variation, use of plant hormones, mineral nutrients, soil microbe
interactions, and other mechanical practices are of prime
importance in agriculture, and as such have been the subject of
multidisciplinary research. Covering both theoretical and practical
aspects, the book provides essential physiological, ecological,
biochemical, environmental and molecular information as well as
perspectives for future research. It is a valuable resource for
students, teachers and researchers and anyone interested in
agronomy, ecology, stress physiology, environmental science, crop
science and molecular biology.
Bioactive compounds produced by natural sources, such as plants,
microbes, endophytic fungi, etc., can potentially be applied in
various fields, including agriculture, biotechnology and
biomedicine. Several bioactive compounds have proved to be
invaluable in mediating plant-microbe interactions, and promoting
plant growth and development. Due to their numerous
health-promoting properties, these compounds have been widely used
as a source of medication since ancient times. However, there is an
unprecedented need to meet the growing demand for natural bioactive
compounds in the flavor and fragrance, food, and pharmaceutical
industries. Moreover, discovering new lead molecules from natural
sources is essential to overcoming the rising number of new
diseases. In this regard, natural bioactive compounds hold
tremendous potential for new drug discovery. Therefore, this field
of research has become a vital area for researchers interested in
understanding the chemistry, biosynthetic mechanisms, and
pharmacological activities of these bioactive metabolites. This
book describes the basics of bioactive plant compounds, their
chemical properties, and their pharmacological biotechnological
properties with regard to various human diseases and applications
in the drug, cosmetics and herbal industries. It offers a valuable
asset for all students, educators, researchers, and healthcare
experts involved in agronomy, ecology, crop science, molecular
biology, stress physiology, and natural products.
Natural bioactive compounds have become an integral part of
plant-microbe interactions geared toward adaptation to
environmental changes. They regulate symbiosis, induce seed
germination, and manifest allelopathic effects, i.e., they inhibit
the growth of competing plant species in their vicinity. In
addition, the use of natural bioactive compounds and their products
is considered to be suitable and safe in e.g. alternative medicine.
Thus, there is an unprecedented need to meet the increasing demand
for plant secondary metabolites in the flavor and fragrance, food,
and pharmaceutical industries. However, it is difficult to obtain a
constant quantity of compounds from the cultivated plants, as their
yield fluctuates due to several factors including genotypic
variations, the geography, edaphic conditions, harvesting and
processing methods. Yet familiarity with these substances and the
exploration of various approaches could open new avenues in their
production. This book describes the basis of bioactive plant
compounds, their mechanisms and molecular actions with regard to
various human diseases, and their applications in the drug,
cosmetic and herbal industries. Accordingly, it offers a valuable
resource for students, educators, researchers, and healthcare
experts involved in agronomy, ecology, crop science, molecular
biology, stress physiology, and natural products.
This book offers an overview of salt stress, which has a
devastating effect on the yields of various agricultural crops
around the globe. Excessive salts in soil reduce the availability
of water, inhibit metabolic processes, and affect nutrient
composition, osmotic balance, and hydraulic conductivity. Plants
have developed a number of tolerance mechanisms, such as various
compatible solutes, polyamines, reactive oxygen species and
antioxidant defense mechanisms, ion transport and
compartmentalization of injurious ions. The exploitation of genetic
variation, use of plant hormones, mineral nutrients, soil microbe
interactions, and other mechanical practices are of prime
importance in agriculture, and as such have been the subject of
multidisciplinary research. Covering both theoretical and practical
aspects, the book provides essential physiological, ecological,
biochemical, environmental and molecular information as well as
perspectives for future research. It is a valuable resource for
students, teachers and researchers and anyone interested in
agronomy, ecology, stress physiology, environmental science, crop
science and molecular biology.
Natural bioactive compounds have become an integral part of
plant-microbe interactions geared toward adaptation to
environmental changes. They regulate symbiosis, induce seed
germination, and manifest allelopathic effects, i.e., they inhibit
the growth of competing plant species in their vicinity. In
addition, the use of natural bioactive compounds and their products
is considered to be suitable and safe in e.g. alternative medicine.
Thus, there is an unprecedented need to meet the increasing demand
for plant secondary metabolites in the flavor and fragrance, food,
and pharmaceutical industries. However, it is difficult to obtain a
constant quantity of compounds from the cultivated plants, as their
yield fluctuates due to several factors including genotypic
variations, the geography, edaphic conditions, harvesting and
processing methods. Yet familiarity with these substances and the
exploration of various approaches could open new avenues in their
production. This book describes the basis of bioactive plant
compounds, their mechanisms and molecular actions with regard to
various human diseases, and their applications in the drug,
cosmetic and herbal industries. Accordingly, it offers a valuable
resource for students, educators, researchers, and healthcare
experts involved in agronomy, ecology, crop science, molecular
biology, stress physiology, and natural products.
Cancer is one of the leading death cause of human population
increasingly seen in recent times. Plants have been used for
medicinal purposes since immemorial times. Though, several
synthetic medicines are useful in treating cancer, they are
inefficient and unsafe. However, plants have proved to be useful in
cancer cure. Moreover, natural compounds from plants and their
derivatives are safe and effective in treatment and management of
several cancer types. The anticancer plants such as Catharanthus
roseus, Podophyllum peltatum, Taxus brevifolia, Camptotheca
acuminate, Andrographis paniculata, Crateva nurvala, Croton
tonkinensis, Oplopanax horridus etc., are important source of
chemotherapeutic compounds. These plants have proven their
significance in the treatment of cancer and various other
infectious diseases. Nowadays, several well-known anticancer
compounds such as taxol, podophyllotoxins, camptothecin,
vinblastine, vincristine, homoharringtonine etc. have been isolated
and purified from these medicinal plants. Many of them are used
effectively to combat cancer and other related diseases. The herbal
medicine and their products are the most suitable and safe to be
used as an alternative medicine. Based on their traditional uses
and experimental evidences, the anticancer products or compounds
are isolated or extracted from the medicinally important plants.
Many of these anticancer plants have become endangered due to
ruthless harvesting in nature. Hence, there is a need to conserve
these species and to propagate them in large scale using plant
tissue culture. Alternatively, plant cell tissue and organ culture
biotechnology can be adopted to produce these anticancer compounds
without cultivation. The proper knowledge and exploration of these
isolated molecules or products could provide an alternative source
to reduce cancer risk, anti-tumorigenic properties, and suppression
of carcinogen activities. Anticancer plants: Volume 1, Properties
and Application is a very timely effort in this direction.
Discussing the various types of anticancer plants as a source of
curative agent, their pharmacological and neutraceutical
properties, cryo-preservations and recent trends to understand the
basic cause and consequences involved in the diseases diagnosis. We
acknowledge the publisher, Springer for their continuous
inspiration and valuable suggestions to improvise the content of
this book. We further extend our heartfelt gratitude to all our
book contributors for their support, and assistance to complete
this assignment. I am sure that these books will benefit the
scientific communities including academics, pharmaceuticals,
nutraceuticals and medical practitioners.
The interactions between the plant, soil, and microbes are very
complex in nature and may be antagonistic, mutualistic, or
synergistic, depending upon the types of microorganisms and their
association with the plant and soil. The multi-trophictactics are
involved in these types of interactions to nourish the plants in
various habitats and conditions. Understanding the mechanisms of
these interactions is highly desired to utilize the knowledge in
such an eco-friendly and sustainable way, which may not only
resolve the upcoming food security issues but also make the
environment green by reducing the chemical inputs. Plant, Soil and
Microbes: Mechanisms and Molecular Interactions, along with the
recently published Plant, Soil and Microbes: Implications in Crop
Science, provide detailed accounts of the exquisite and delicate
balance between the three critical components of agronomy.
Specifically, these two titles focus on the basis of nutrient
exchange between the microorganisms and the host plants, the
mechanism of disease protection and the recent molecular details
emerged from studying this multitropic interaction. Together they
provide a solid foundation for the students, teachers, and
researchers interested in soil microbiology, plant pathology,
ecology and agronomy.
The interactions between the plant, soil and microbes are complex
in nature. Events may be antagonistic, mutualistic or synergistic,
depending upon the types of microorganisms and their association
with the plant and soil in question. Multi-trophic tactics can
therefore be employed to nourish plants in various habitats and
growth conditions. Understanding the mechanisms of these
interactions is thus highly desired in order to utilize the
knowledge in an ecofriendly and sustainable way. This holistic
approach to crop improvement may not only resolve the upcoming food
security issues, but also make the environment greener by reducing
the chemical inputs. Plant, soil and microbe, Volume 1:
Implications in Crop Science, along with the forthcoming Volume 2:
Mechanisms and Molecular Interactions, provide detailed accounts of
the exquisite and delicate balance between the three critical
components of agronomy. Specifically, these two titles focus on the
basis of nutrient exchange between the microorganisms and the host
plants, the mechanism of disease protection and the recent
molecular details emerged from studying this multi-tropic
interaction. Together they aim to provide a solid foundation for
the students, teachers, and researchers interested in soil
microbiology, plant pathology, ecology and agronomy.
Nature has consistently provided human beings with bioactive
compounds that can be used directly as drugs or indirectly as drug
leads. Some of the major classes of natural bioactive compounds
include phenolics, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, lignin,
glycosides, terpenoids, and many more. They possess a broad range
of biological activities and are primarily useful in the treatment
of various health issues. At the same time, the search for new and
novel drugs is never-ending and, despite major advances in
synthetic chemistry, nature remains an essential resource for drug
discovery. Therefore, more and more researchers are interested in
understanding the chemistry, clinical pharmacology, and beneficial
effects of bioactive compounds in connection with solving human
health problems. This book presents a wealth of information on
natural metabolites that have been or are currently being used as
drugs or leads for the discovery of new drugs. In addition, it
highlights the importance of natural products against various human
diseases, and their applications in the drug, nutraceuticals,
cosmetics and herbal industries. Accordingly, the book offers a
valuable resource for all students, educators, and healthcare
experts involved in natural product research, phytochemistry, and
pharmacological research.
This book offers an overview of salt stress, which has a
devastating effect on the yields of various agricultural crops
around the globe. Excessive salts in soil reduce the availability
of water, inhibit metabolic processes, and affect nutrient
composition, osmotic balance, and hydraulic conductivity. Plants
have developed a number of tolerance mechanisms, such as various
compatible solutes, polyamines, reactive oxygen species and
antioxidant defense mechanisms, ion transport and
compartmentalization of injurious ions. The exploitation of genetic
variation, use of plant hormones, mineral nutrients, soil microbe
interactions, and other mechanical practices are of prime
importance in agriculture, and as such have been the subject of
multidisciplinary research. Covering both theoretical and practical
aspects, the book provides essential physiological, ecological,
biochemical, environmental and molecular information as well as
perspectives for future research. It is a valuable resource for
students, teachers and researchers and anyone interested in
agronomy, ecology, stress physiology, environmental science, crop
science and molecular biology.
Bioactive compounds produced by natural sources, such as plants,
microbes, endophytic fungi, etc., can potentially be applied in
various fields, including agriculture, biotechnology and
biomedicine. Several bioactive compounds have proved to be
invaluable in mediating plant-microbe interactions, and promoting
plant growth and development. Due to their numerous
health-promoting properties, these compounds have been widely used
as a source of medication since ancient times. However, there is an
unprecedented need to meet the growing demand for natural bioactive
compounds in the flavor and fragrance, food, and pharmaceutical
industries. Moreover, discovering new lead molecules from natural
sources is essential to overcoming the rising number of new
diseases. In this regard, natural bioactive compounds hold
tremendous potential for new drug discovery. Therefore, this field
of research has become a vital area for researchers interested in
understanding the chemistry, biosynthetic mechanisms, and
pharmacological activities of these bioactive metabolites. This
book describes the basics of bioactive plant compounds, their
chemical properties, and their pharmacological biotechnological
properties with regard to various human diseases and applications
in the drug, cosmetics and herbal industries. It offers a valuable
asset for all students, educators, researchers, and healthcare
experts involved in agronomy, ecology, crop science, molecular
biology, stress physiology, and natural products.
Nature has consistently provided human beings with bioactive
compounds that can be used directly as drugs or indirectly as drug
leads. Some of the major classes of natural bioactive compounds
include phenolics, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, lignin,
glycosides, terpenoids, and many more. They possess a broad range
of biological activities and are primarily useful in the treatment
of various health issues. At the same time, the search for new and
novel drugs is never-ending and, despite major advances in
synthetic chemistry, nature remains an essential resource for drug
discovery. Therefore, more and more researchers are interested in
understanding the chemistry, clinical pharmacology, and beneficial
effects of bioactive compounds in connection with solving human
health problems. This book presents a wealth of information on
natural metabolites that have been or are currently being used as
drugs or leads for the discovery of new drugs. In addition, it
highlights the importance of natural products against various human
diseases, and their applications in the drug, nutraceuticals,
cosmetics and herbal industries. Accordingly, the book offers a
valuable resource for all students, educators, and healthcare
experts involved in natural product research, phytochemistry, and
pharmacological research.
Soil serves as an excellent reservoir for the rhizospheric
microorganisms and these microorganisms provide front line defense
against the pathogens attack to root. Among the different type of
soil microorganisms plant health promoting bacteria (PHPB) had the
ability to promote the plant growth and also reduced the severity
of diseases caused by soil borne pathogens.The bacteria can
profoundly, improve the seed germination, root development, and
water uptake by plants. Beside this they can also improve the
nutrient uptake or indirectly by changing the microbial balance in
favour of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere and can
suppress the broad spectrum of plant borne plant
pathogens.Considering the importance of these symbionts in the
plant disease protection, it came into highlight for research that
the combined application of these microorganisms is more beneficial
than use of single agent and provides a better management against
the plant parasitic nematodes.
Soil provides an excellent niche for the rhizosperic microorganisms
and seems to be the hot-spot for the microbial interactions. Among
the soil microorganisms Arbsucular mycorrhizal and other phosphate
solubilizing microorganisms can promote the plant growth and also
very effective against the soil borne diseases. The mycorrhizal
fungi have the ability to improve plant vigor, soil quality and
also play a crucial role in nutrient uptake, water relations,
ecosystem establishment and the productivity of plants. Similarly,
phosphate solubilizing microorganisms can profoundly, improve the
seed germination, root development, and water uptake by plants.
Beside this they can also improve the nutrient uptake or indirectly
by changing the microbial balance in favour of beneficial
microorganisms in the rhizosphere and can suppress the broad
spectrum of plant borne plant pathogens. Considering the importance
of these symbionts in the plant disease protection, it came into
highlight for research that the combined application of these
microorganisms is more beneficial than use of single agent and
provides a better management against the soil borne plant
pathogens.
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