This book offers a comprehensive analysis of the evolution and development of arms control processes as an integral part of the Pakistan-India grand dialogue, which took place from 1988 to 2008 and it examines the larger political context and its impact on arms control processes. Nasir Mehmood prioritizes four types of political conflicts: Jammu and Kashmir, hostile domestic politics, dissimilar military doctrines, and China as a third party. Mehmood determines their connection and function in restricting arms control during three major rounds of broader security dialogue between Pakistan and India (1988-1994, 1997-1999, and 2004-2008). Through these major rounds of dialogue there are patterns of interaction within and across three sub-cases. This volume, which offers a systematic survey of bilateral arms control processes within the local settings and includes critical theoretical and policy insights, shall be of interest to students and scholars interested in security studies and international relations theory, with a focus on the strategic horizon of South Asia.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) "King of the cereals" is the staple food of people in many countries. It is the main rabi crop of Pakistan and India and ranks second after rice in Pkistan. It is used both as food for human consumption and feed for animals. It plays pivotal role in human nutrition containing carbohydrates, proteins, inorganic ions and vitamins. So, there is a dire need to develop genotypes having better yield potential per unit area. This will be achieved only by exploring maximum genetic potential from available germplasm of wheat. The origin of the cultivated wheat and its uses by mankind antedated the earliest recorded history. Wheat is believed to have been one of the first plants to be domesticated and cultivated by the humans, beginning possibly more than 15 thousands years ago with the seed gathered from wild grass ancestors of present day wheat species. The evolution of wheat has been the subject of great research during previous century. The basic evolutionary step was hybridization between the species.

Pakistan experienced grave external security threats to its prime national security values-political independence, territorial integrity, and sovereignty, immediately after its inception. Pakistan employed various security tools of internal and external balancing other than nuclear weapons to guard its prime values from the strategies of war and black-mail of India. Post 1971 debacle and India's so-called PNE of 1974 national security evaluation compelled the then Pakistani leadership to exploit the deterrence value of nuclear weapons. After the induction of nuclear weapons in its national security policy, Pakistan successfully held India at bay during Brasstacks Operation-1987, Kashmir Crisis 1990, Kargil War 1999, and Military Standoff of 2001-2002. Nevertheless, Indian leadership is continuously exploring various unwise strategic choices to undermine the existing posture of minimum credible deterrence of Pakistan. Therefore, Pakistan must reevaluate intelligently its nuclear posture to strengthen the fabric of nuclear deterrence.