Advanced Technology for the Conversion of Waste into Fuels and Chemicals: Volume 2: Chemical Processes is the second of two volumes by the editors (the first volume is Advanced Technology for the Conversion of Waste into Fuels and Chemicals: Biological Processes). This volume presents advanced techniques and combined techniques used to convert energy to waste, including combustion, gasification, paralysis, anaerobic digestion and fermentation. The title focuses on solid waste conversion to fuel and energy, presenting advances in the design, manufacture and application of conversion technologies. Contributors from physics, chemistry, metallurgy, engineering and manufacturing present a truly trans-disciplinary picture of waste to energy conversion. Huge volumes of solid waste are produced globally while, at the same time, huge amounts of energy are produced from fossil fuels. Waste to energy (WTE) technologies are developing rapidly, holding out the potential to make clean, sustainable power from waste material. These WTE procedures incorporate various methods and blended approaches, and present an enormous opportunity for clean, sustainable energy.

Advanced Technology for the Conversion of Waste into Fuels and Chemicals: Volume 1: Biological Processes presents advanced and combined techniques that can be used to convert waste to energy, including combustion, gasification, paralysis, anaerobic digestion and fermentation. The book focuses on solid waste conversion to fuel and energy and presents the latest advances in the design, manufacture, and application of conversion technologies. Contributors from the fields of physics, chemistry, metallurgy, engineering and manufacturing present a truly trans-disciplinary picture of the field. Chapters cover important aspects surrounding the conversion of solid waste into fuel and chemicals, describing how valuable energy can be recouped from various waste materials. As huge volumes of solid waste are produced globally while huge amounts of energy are produced from fossil fuels, the technologies described in this comprehensive book provide the information necessary to pursue clean, sustainable power from waste material.

Nowadays considerable research has been carried out on a new type of surfactants called as gemini surfactants, using variety of experimental methods. By far the most studied of gemini surfactants are cationic gemini, m-s-m (N, N -bis(alkyldimethyl)-, -alkanediammonium dibromide type) type surfactant. In particular, the choice of cationic gemini surfactants was made in an effort because of the low toxicity of quaternary ammonium surfactants as well as low critical micelle concentration. In addition to low toxicity, quaternary ammonium surfactants exhibit broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity including antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral. Gemini surfactants may be an appropriate alternative to traditional quaternary ammonium compounds. The geminis used in the present studies, though extensively studied, still lack a quantitative interpretation of their mixed micellar behaviour with the conventional surfactants. Therefore, a thorough investigation and relative comparison among the mixed micellar properties with the conventional surfactants would allow their appropriate applications to achieve both fundamental as well as applied goals.