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This book focuses on the new and old methods for the synthesis of
various heterocycles using Lawesson's reagent. The book covers an
important and rapidly growing branch of heterocyclic chemistry and
can serve as a guide to those who are completing their education
and are about to enter the job market. Students will be able to
find all Lawesson's reagent-assisted protocols for the synthesis of
heterocycles in one place. This feature of the book provides an
important benefit, because sometimes users want to see all the
possibilities and relevant information for making a particular
compound using one particular reagent. The purpose of this valuable
resource is to provide the knowledge not only to students but also
to pharmacologists, biochemists, organic and medicinal chemists,
researchers, and academic professionals for easy access to
synthetic protocols for different heterocycles using Lawesson's
reagent. The book will be greatly helpful for everyone involved in
the field and can pave the way for better understanding and
quantification of heterocycle synthesis.
Design of new processes that avoid the use of toxic reagents has
been the focus of intense research of late. Catalysis by metals and
non-metals offers diverse opportunities for the development of new
organic reactions with promising range of
selectivities-chemoselectivity, regioselectivity,
diastereoselectivity, and enantioselectivity. Furthermore, these
transformations frequently occur under mild conditions, tolerate a
broad array of functional groups, and proceed with high
stereoselectivity. The area of catalysis is sometimes referred to
as a 'foundational pillar' of green chemistry. Catalytic reactions
often reduce energy requirements and decrease separations because
of increased selectivity; they are also capable of permitting the
use of renewable feedstocks of less toxic reagents or minimizing
the quantities of reagents needed. New catalytic organic synthesis
methodologies have, thus, offered several possibilities for
considerable improvement in the eco-compatibility of fine chemical
production. Hence, these catalytic methodologies have emerged as
powerful tools for the efficient and chemoselective synthesis of
heterocyclic molecules. Key Features: Presents the synthesis of
different five-membered heterocycles. Contains the most up-to-date
information in this fast-moving field. Covers novel catalytic
approaches used in the study and application of catalysts in
synthetic organic reactions. Presents new methodologies for the
synthesis of heterocycles.
This book is a compilation of the recent applications of palladium
catalysts in organic synthesis. The book demonstrates that it is a
highly dynamic research field. This methodology has emerged as a
powerful tool for the efficient and chemoselective synthesis of
heterocyclic molecules. In the past few years, several strategies
have been pointed out to pursue more efficient, sustainable, and
environment friendly chemical processes. Among those strategies,
catalysis and the design of new processes that avoid the use of
toxic reagents have been the focus of intense research.
Design of new processes that avoid the use of toxic reagents has
been the focus of intense research of late. Catalysis by metals and
non-metals offers diverse opportunities for the development of new
organic reactions with promising range of
selectivities-chemoselectivity, regioselectivity,
diastereoselectivity, and enantioselectivity. Furthermore, these
transformations frequently occur under mild conditions, tolerate a
broad array of functional groups, and proceed with high
stereoselectivity. The area of catalysis is sometimes referred to
as a 'foundational pillar' of green chemistry. Catalytic reactions
often reduce energy requirements and decrease separations because
of increased selectivity; they are also capable of permitting the
use of renewable feedstocks of less toxic reagents or minimizing
the quantities of reagents needed. New catalytic organic synthesis
methodologies have, thus, offered several possibilities for
considerable improvement in the eco-compatibility of fine chemical
production. Hence, these catalytic methodologies have emerged as
powerful tools for the efficient and chemoselective synthesis of
heterocyclic molecules. Key Features: Presents the synthesis of
different five-membered heterocycles. Contains the most up-to-date
information in this fast-moving field. Covers novel catalytic
approaches used in the study and application of catalysts in
synthetic organic reactions. Presents new methodologies for the
synthesis of heterocycles.
Synthesis of Six- and Seven-Membered Heterocycles: The Role of DMF
and its Synthesis compares different synthetic approaches using
DMF, including the advantages and disadvantages of those reactions,
green methods, and the sustainability of reported synthetic
methodologies, especially the microwave methods. The book presents
several methodologies for the synthesis of six- and seven-membered
heterocyclic compounds using dimethylformamide. Users will find the
most up-to-date information in this fast-moving field which can be
particularly challenging. With DMF drawing the attention of
synthetic organic chemists, this book will help readers understand
further developments in the uses of dimethylformamide beyond just
its use as a polar solvent. As it can be expected that the use of
dimethylformamide as a precursor will continue to grow in organic
synthesis with new applications in sustainable and green chemistry,
this book provides an ideal primer on the topics covered.
Four-Membered Heterocycle Synthesis offers a comprehensive approach
to these unstable organic compounds, providing a systematic
introduction to the synthesis and reactions of all common
four-membered heterocycles and illustrating different methods to
prepare specific four-membered heterocycles. Four-membered
heterocyclic compounds are known as a class of unstable organic
compounds because of their strain characteristics, which make them
very beneficial as precursors for the formation of a broad range of
complex heterocyclic molecules and for synthetic elaboration.
5-Membered Heterocycle Synthesis Using Iodine presents both old and
new methods for the synthesis of various five-membered heterocycles
using iodine, providing information for making specific compounds
using particular reagents. Heterocyclic frameworks represent the
main structural subunits of many biologically active compounds and
natural products, and the ability of heterocycles to act both as
reactive pharmacophores and biomimetics has greatly contributed to
their unique value as traditional key elements of various drugs.
Contemporary developments in process chemistry and discovery
emphasize novel sustainable synthetic pathways as fast and
ecologically acceptable alternatives to the traditional protocols.
This book serves as a guide for students, pharmacologists,
biochemists, organic and medicinal chemists, researchers, and
academic professionals to obtain easy access to synthetic protocols
for different five-membered heterocycles using iodine.
8-Membered Heterocycle Synthesis focuses on both the new and
established methods for the synthesis of various 8-membered
heterocycles. 8-membered heterocyclic compounds act as target
molecules for a wide range of synthetic studies and are present in
a broad range of natural products, showing a wide variety of
pharmaceutical and biological properties. Covering an important and
rapidly growing branch of heterocyclic chemistry, this book brings
together every protocol for the synthesis of 8-membered
heterocycles in one place, allowing the reader to see all the
possibilities for making a particular compound using one particular
reagent. Providing up-to-date and comprehensive information about
the synthesis of medium-ring heterocycles and the latest
information on this fast-moving field, with easy access to the
synthetic protocols for different 8-membered heterocycles, case
studies, and application, this book will be essential reading for
students, pharmacologists, biochemists, organic and medicinal
chemists, researchers, and academic professionals.
Synthesis of Azetidines from Imines by Cycloaddition Reactions
presents several methodologies for the synthesis of azetidines from
imines by cycloaddition reactions. The azetidines, known as
important contribution of science to humanity, are important
organic compounds that have occupied a basic position in the
pharmaceutical chemistry for over a hundred years because of their
biological activities. They are the fundamental skeleton of several
antibiotics, probiotics and alkaloids. The synthesis of azetidines
is a constant challenge for medicinal chemists, hence this book
comprehensively describes azetidine ring synthesis. With this book,
readers will be able to quickly assess possible synthetic
approaches and evaluate whether preparation of a four-membered
nitrogen containing ring is reasonable.
This book focuses on the new and old methods for the synthesis of
various heterocycles using Lawesson's reagent. The book covers an
important and rapidly growing branch of heterocyclic chemistry and
can serve as a guide to those who are completing their education
and are about to enter the job market. Students will be able to
find all Lawesson's reagent-assisted protocols for the synthesis of
heterocycles in one place. This feature of the book provides an
important benefit, because sometimes users want to see all the
possibilities and relevant information for making a particular
compound using one particular reagent. The purpose of this valuable
resource is to provide the knowledge not only to students but also
to pharmacologists, biochemists, organic and medicinal chemists,
researchers, and academic professionals for easy access to
synthetic protocols for different heterocycles using Lawesson's
reagent. The book will be greatly helpful for everyone involved in
the field and can pave the way for better understanding and
quantification of heterocycle synthesis.
Raney Nickel-Assisted Synthesis of Heterocycles covers the
synthesis of heterocycles using Raney nickel. The book focuses on
the use of Raney-Ni, a common catalyst in hydrogenation reaction
and its uses in the synthesis and preparation of heterocycles.
Furthermore, it explains how the development of new approaches and
strategic deployments in known approaches for the formation of
complex heterocyclic compounds continue to drive the field of
synthetic organic chemistry, along with updates on efforts to
prepare heterocycles through the development of new and efficient
synthetic transformations. Heterocyclic chemistry is an
inexhaustible source of novel compounds, providing the most diverse
chemical, physical and biological properties through the design of
a wide range of combinations of carbon, hydrogen and heteroatoms.
Significant focus has been paid to novel approaches to the
formation of heterocyclic compounds, which are of practical use
acting as modifiers and additives in a wide range of industries
such as reprography, plastics, cosmetics, vulcanization
accelerators, solvents, antioxidants and information storage.
Synthesis of Five-Membered Heterocycles: Role of DMF as Solvent,
Reagent, Catalyst, and Stabilizer helps readers quickly assess
possible synthetic approaches. The book's audience, researchers,
academic professionals and synthetic chemists both in industry and
academia will find detailed information about the synthesis of
five-membered heterocyclic compounds using dimethylformamide. Over
the years, heterocyclic compounds, especially five-membered, have
drawn more attention of pharmaceutical community because of their
therapeutic value. The formation of heterocyclic compounds has
turned out to be the keystone of synthetic organic chemistry.
Dimethylformamide has played an important role in organic synthesis
for a long time, and it is frequently utilized as a common solvent
for chemical reactions and broadly used in industry as a reagent.
It is a unique chemical and can play three other roles in organic
chemistry, i.e., as stabilizer, reagent and catalyst. Due to its
structure, DMF can participate in several reactions as a versatile
building block for several units.
The smallest possible saturated azaheterocycle, aziridine, is
well-known to organic chemists for its tremendous potential in
pharmaceutical chemistry and organic synthesis. The general
biological importance of aziridines is proven by the fact that they
found several uses as subunits in pharmacologically active
compounds such as antitumor agents, enzyme inhibitors, and
antibiotics. Although aziridines are highly reactive, this
framework occurs in many synthetic compounds and the natural
products of biological interest also contain aziridine skeleton in
their structures. The synthetic community is captivated with
prospects of selective synthesis and conversions of aziridines.
Several important advances in this area have been witnessed in
recent years and discovering efficient novel methods for the
synthesis of aziridines has been very active field of research. Its
powerful synthetic utility has been described by an overpowering
amount of documentation on the approaches for the formation of
aziridine. Synthesis of Aziridines and Oxaziridines from Imines
describes the new and old methods for the synthesis of aziridines
from imines and covers an important and rapidly growing branch of
heterocyclic chemistry. Readers will have access to different
methods and information allowing them to evaluate which method is
most suitable for particular cases.
3-membered heterocyclic rings offer an unusual combination of
synthetic flexibility, reactivity, and atom economy. The main
challenge for synthetic chemists, both in academia and industry, is
the search for efficient approaches to target molecules. This book
presents several methodologies for the synthesis of three-membered
heterocyclic compounds and the readers will defiantly gain
knowledge about the topic. With Three-Membered Heterocycle
Synthesis, readers have detailed information about the synthesis of
three-membered heterocyclic compounds. It comprehensively describes
three-membered heterocyclic compounds synthesis, allowing the
audience to quickly assess possible synthetic approaches.
Metal and Nonmetal Assisted Synthesis of Six-Membered Heterocycles
provides a useful guide to key approaches being explored in this
area. The volume highlights synthetic approaches and catalytic
options that facilitate the construction of multiple substituted
molecules under mild conditions from easily available starting
substrates. Drawing on the experience of its expert author, the
book is a useful guide on the key approaches being explored in this
area. Following a user-friendly structure based on specific
six-membered heterocycle ring groups, this volume highlights
synthetic approaches and catalytic options that facilitate the
construction of multiple substituted molecules under mild
conditions from easily available starting substrates.
This book is a compilation of the recent applications of palladium
catalysts in organic synthesis. The book demonstrates that it is a
highly dynamic research field. This methodology has emerged as a
powerful tool for the efficient and chemoselective synthesis of
heterocyclic molecules. In the past few years, several strategies
have been pointed out to pursue more efficient, sustainable, and
environment friendly chemical processes. Among those strategies,
catalysis and the design of new processes that avoid the use of
toxic reagents have been the focus of intense research.
Assessment is an important activity in any educational process to
evaluate the learner's knowledge about the concepts
learnt.Evaluation through objective testing is common in all
evaluation system, where Multiple Choice Questions, Fill in the
Blanks, Matching etc. are used for evaluation. The method of
objective testing is not sufficient to completely verify all the
concepts learnt by the learner. Thus computer assisted assessment
of short text answers is developed. Here we present a technique
which also considers grammatical errors during automated evaluation
of one-line sentences. In this research we defined a set of
evaluation criteria that covers all the relevant aspects of an
essay assessment system and discuss how this technique find
syntactical errors during evaluation of student response.
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