First survey on women, gender, and sexuality throughout Chinese history Thematically arranged, it examines gendered life course, marriage, family, sexuality, medicine, women's work, everyday life, religion, art, literature, and education Biographies of five distinguished women: an ancient royal military general and cabinet member, a Han dynasty scholar, a mover Tang dynasty literary culture, a Ming dynasty doctor, a beheaded revolutionary at the turn of the 20th century 33 primary texts of various genres, including epitaph, bronze inscription, medical text, imperial edict, law code, legal case, family letter, ghost story, divorce paper, poetry, autobiography, divination, etc. A third of them are newly translated by the author.

First survey on women, gender, and sexuality throughout Chinese history Thematically arranged, it examines gendered life course, marriage, family, sexuality, medicine, women's work, everyday life, religion, art, literature, and education Biographies of five distinguished women: an ancient royal military general and cabinet member, a Han dynasty scholar, a mover Tang dynasty literary culture, a Ming dynasty doctor, a beheaded revolutionary at the turn of the 20th century 33 primary texts of various genres, including epitaph, bronze inscription, medical text, imperial edict, law code, legal case, family letter, ghost story, divorce paper, poetry, autobiography, divination, etc. A third of them are newly translated by the author.

Personal accounts help us understand notions of self, interpersonal relations, and historical events. Chinese Autobiographical Writing contains full translations of works by fifty individuals that illuminate the history and conventions of writing about oneself in the Chinese tradition. From poetry, letters, and diaries to statements in legal proceedings, these engaging and readable works draw us into the past and provide vivid details of life as it was lived from the pre-imperial period to the nineteenth century. Some focus on a person’s entire life, others on a specific moment. Some have an element of humor, others are entirely serious. Taken together, these selections offer an intimate view of how Chinese men and women, both famous and obscure, reflected on their experiences as well as their personal struggles and innermost thoughts. With an introduction and list of additional readings for each selection, this volume is ideal for undergraduate courses on Chinese history, literature, religion, and women and family. Read individually, each piece illuminates a person, place, and moment. Read in chronological order, they highlight cultural change over time by showing how people explored new ways to represent themselves in writing. The open access publication of this book was made possible by a grant from the James P. Geiss and Margaret Y. Hsu Foundation.

Tens of thousands of epitaphs, or funerary biographies, survive from imperial China. Engraved on stone and placed in a grave, they typically focus on the deceased's biography and exemplary words and deeds, expressing the survivors' longing for the dead. These epitaphs provide glimpses of the lives of women, men who did not leave a mark politically, and children-people who are not well documented in more conventional sources such as dynastic histories and local gazetteers. This anthology of translations makes available funerary biographies covering nearly two thousand years, from the Han dynasty through the nineteenth century, selected for their value as teaching material for courses in Chinese history, literature, and women's studies as well as world history. Because they include revealing details about personal conduct, families, local conditions, and social, cultural, and religious practices, these epitaphs illustrate ways of thinking and the realities of daily life. Most can be read and analyzed on multiple levels, and they stimulate investigation of topics such as the emotional tenor of family relations, rituals associated with death, Confucian values, women's lives as written about by men, and the use of sources assumed to be biased. These biographies will be especially effective when combined with more readily available primary sources such as official documents, religious and intellectual discourses, and anecdotal stories, promising to generate provocative discussion of literary genre, the ways historians use sources, and how writers shape their accounts.

Die Viskositat, die auch als Zahigkeit oder innere Reibung bezeichnet wird, wird definiert durch die Tangentialkraft K, die zwei Flussigkeitsschichten von der Flache Fund einen Abstand Z aufeinander ausuben, wenn zwischen ihnen eine relative Geschwindigkeit V herrscht: K = n F dV I dZ -1 ( Die Einheit fur den Viskositatkoeffizienten ist 1 Poise = 1 g cm -1) () sec. oder 1 Zentipoise = 0,01 Poise Das sehr oft auftretende V- hal tnis r = von absoluter oder dynamischer Viskosi tat 7J zur Dichte S 2 1 heiBt kinematische Viskositat und wird in der Einheit Stokes (cm sec.- ) gemessen. Die Untersuchung der Viskositat flussiger Metalle hat sowohl theoretische als auch praktische Bedeutung. Die praktische Bedeutung geht daraus hervor, daB die Viskositat eng mit dem FlieBv rmogen verbunden ist. Eine umfassende Kenntnis dieser Eigenschaft gibt ein Kriterium fur die Auswahl der Legie rungen und die Kontrolle der GieBbedingungen. Seit einigen Jahren kommt der Anwendung flussiger Metalle in der Warmetechnik als Warmeaustauschmit tel Bedeutung zu, so z.B. in Atomreaktoren. Diese Gesichtspunkte zeigen die wachsende praktische Bedeutung der Viskositatsuntersuchungen fltis- ger Metalle. Auf der theoretischen Seite gibt die Untersuchung der Viskositat einige nutzliche Hinweise auf Struktur und Eigenschaften von Schmelzen. Hieruber ist bis heute verhaltnismaBig wenig bekannt. 1m Laufe der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte sind zahlreiche Viskositatsuntersu chungen durchgeftihrt worden. Da es aber keine einheitliche MeBmethode gibt und die Schwierigkeiten der Versuchsdurchftihrung groB sind, stimmen die Ergebnisse 'oft nicht miteinander tiberein."

Personal accounts help us understand notions of self, interpersonal relations, and historical events. Chinese Autobiographical Writing contains full translations of works by fifty individuals that illuminate the history and conventions of writing about oneself in the Chinese tradition. From poetry, letters, and diaries to statements in legal proceedings, these engaging and readable works draw us into the past and provide vivid details of life as it was lived from the pre-imperial period to the nineteenth century. Some focus on a person’s entire life, others on a specific moment. Some have an element of humor, others are entirely serious. Taken together, these selections offer an intimate view of how Chinese men and women, both famous and obscure, reflected on their experiences as well as their personal struggles and innermost thoughts. With an introduction and list of additional readings for each selection, this volume is ideal for undergraduate courses on Chinese history, literature, religion, and women and family. Read individually, each piece illuminates a person, place, and moment. Read in chronological order, they highlight cultural change over time by showing how people explored new ways to represent themselves in writing. The open access publication of this book was made possible by a grant from the James P. Geiss and Margaret Y. Hsu Foundation.