Economic values are increasingly used in policy analysis and legal settings. With the growing recognition that many of the things that benefit or harm people are outside the market system, have come increasing efforts to develop nonmarket valuation techniques. One such technique is the contingent valuation method (CVM). CVM seeks to value environmental and other nonmarket goods and services by asking individuals about their values using survey methods. These procedures are different from the revealed-preference' methods that economists have historically employed to estimate economic values. Why depart from well-established revealed-preference procedures and apply a stated-preference' method like CVM? For nonmarket goods and services, revealed-preference methods have two shortcomings that those applying CVM hope to avoid. First, revealed-preference methods involve econometric problems that have yet to be fully overcome. The second shortcoming of revealed-preference methods is that such methods, when applied to environmental amenities, are likely to be only partial measures of value. Given the tremendous interest that exists in economic values and the limitations of revealed-preference methods, it is not surprising that interest in CVM has grown rapidly. Environmental Resource Valuation reviews the application of CVM and compares American experiences in nonmarket evaluation with those in other countries.

This book deals with various aspects of the 'commons' problems; focuses on water-related issues; looks at writings in the conservation area, with particular emphasis on irreversibility and uncertainty; and examines the role of natural resources in economic development.

This volume was assembled by two of Dr. Wantrup's students as a complement to his textbook, Resource Conservation: Economics and Policies. Wantrup's ideas on conservation economics continued to evolve in ways that were never fully reflected in that text, and although for the student of natural resource economics it is still essential reading, to stop there is to have missed some of his most valuable insights.

Economic values are increasingly used in policy analysis and legal settings. With the growing recognition that many of the things that benefit or harm people are outside the market system, have come increasing efforts to develop nonmarket valuation techniques. One such technique is the contingent valuation method (CVM). CVM seeks to value environmental and other nonmarket goods and services by asking individuals about their values using survey methods. These procedures are different from the `revealed-preference' methods that economists have historically employed to estimate economic values. Why depart from well-established revealed-preference procedures and apply a `stated-preference' method like CVM? For nonmarket goods and services, revealed-preference methods have two shortcomings that those applying CVM hope to avoid. First, revealed-preference methods involve econometric problems that have yet to be fully overcome. The second shortcoming of revealed-preference methods is that such methods, when applied to environmental amenities, are likely to be only partial measures of value. Given the tremendous interest that exists in economic values and the limitations of revealed-preference methods, it is not surprising that interest in CVM has grown rapidly. Environmental Resource Valuation reviews the application of CVM and compares American experiences in nonmarket evaluation with those in other countries.

Nearly four million companies incorporated in the UK allow their constitution or company rule book to be dictated by the standard Articles of Association. Designed to aid professional advisers, directors and shareholders make better decisions about any company's constitution, this book provides: - The background to the articles of association, the Company Law act 2006, business structures and their needs. - A review of the case law and the implications for amending the articles of association - A detailed analysis of the default Articles of association proscribed in The Companies (Model Articles) Regulations 2008 Table A. - A guide to drafting articles of association, real life examples and discussions on why companies should adapt Table A to suit specific company requirements. - All precedents are available as electronic downloads Solicitors and accountants will have the tools to confidently advise clients on how the articles of association impacts on the company and with clever drafting how the constitution of the company can be amended to provide clear provisions to suit its strategic position. For those who may wish to consider changing the constitution of their own company, the book is full of practical examples, together with do’s and don’ts, and illustrations and full procedures for trustees, family investment and property companies providing guidelines for minority shareholders, investors and directors.

This new title provides a full analysis of the legislative and regulatory background of community interest companies and is a guide to all six CIC precedents: 1. CIC model constitution: company limited by guarantee with a small membership 2. CIC model constitution: company limited by guarantee with a large membership 3. CIC model constitution: private schedule 2 company limited by shares with a small membership 4. CIC model constitution: private schedule 2 company limited by shares with a large membership 5. CIC model constitution: private schedule 3 company limited by shares with a small membership 6. CIC model constitution: private schedule 3 company limited by shares with a large membership The precedents are fully annotated to provide guidance on each article, together with bespoke clauses that may be included for specific events.It also uses case examples to demonstrate: how to create or convert to a CIC the reporting requirements with Companies House and the CIC regulator Armed with this text any solicitor, barrister or accountant will have the tools to confidently advise clients on the legislative and regulatory background of CICs. This text would also suit community bodies or individuals who wish to set up a social enterprise using the CIC structure, in particular, sports clubs or voluntary groups.