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Modern society is currently facing a cascade of environmental
crises. Moving forward, it will be the job of current and future
generations to develop sound and creative approaches to addressing
them. This book attempts to provide insight into the ways in which
society can confront modern agricultural, environmental, and
resource challenges. In particular, it provides an economic lens
with which to examine and confront these issues. The first part of
the book introduces a general economic framework that can be used
to analyze these issues. Subsequent chapters rely on this framework
to introduce and explain specific concepts in agricultural,
environmental, and resource economics, including (but not limited
to) non-renewable and renewable resource management, pesticide use,
and climate change. The book develops quantitative tools that the
readership can use to analyze and better understand the
complexities of these challenges. Each chapter includes specific
applications, and an accompanying Appendix includes a longer list
of practice problems that can be brought into courses as exercises.
Modern society is currently facing a cascade of environmental
crises. Moving forward, it will be the job of current and future
generations to develop sound and creative approaches to addressing
them. This book attempts to provide insight into the ways in which
society can confront modern agricultural, environmental, and
resource challenges. In particular, it provides an economic lens
with which to examine and confront these issues. The first part of
the book introduces a general economic framework that can be used
to analyze these issues. Subsequent chapters rely on this framework
to introduce and explain specific concepts in agricultural,
environmental, and resource economics, including (but not limited
to) non-renewable and renewable resource management, pesticide use,
and climate change. The book develops quantitative tools that the
readership can use to analyze and better understand the
complexities of these challenges. Each chapter includes specific
applications, and an accompanying Appendix includes a longer list
of practice problems that can be brought into courses as exercises.
This book was initiated while the three major authors were at the
Development Centre of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD) in Paris, working on its program on economic
growth, trade, and sustainability. We wish to thank the OECD
Development Centre for its support. The book was completed during
summer 2001 at the Center for Agricultural and Rural Development
(CARD) at Iowa State University. We appreciate the resources and
financial support CARD provided for publication of this work.
Sandra Clarke provided technical editing of the manuscripts and
oversaw the indexing of the book; Becky Olson prepared the
camera-ready copy of the final manuscript. We thank them for their
instrumental help in these last steps. Part of the work presented
in this volume previously appeared in some form in journals. The
analysis of Chile presented in Chapter 6 appeared as "Growth,
Trade, Pollution and Natural-Resource Use in Chile. Evidence from
an Economywide Model," Agricultural Economics 19(1998): 87-97; and
as "Trade Integration, Environmental Degradation, and Public Health
in Chile: Assessing the Linkages," Environment and Development
Economics, in press. The work on Costa Rica and Indonesia
summarised in Chapter 10 appeared as "Is There a Trade-off Between
Trade Liberalisation and Pollution Abatement in Costa Rica? A
Computable General Equilibrium Assessment," Journal of Policy
Modeling 20(1): 11-31; and as "The Environment and Welfare
Implications of Trade and Tax Policy," Journal of Development
Economics 52(1997): 65-82.
This book provides an overview of the state of animal agriculture
and present methodologies and proposals to develop policies that
result in sustainable and profitable animal production that will
protect human and environmental health, enhance livelihood of
smallholders and meet consumer needs. The book combines lessons of
the past, factual foundation to understand the present, analytical
tools to design and improve policies, case studies that provide
both empirical grounding and applications of some of the strategies
suggested in this book, and finally, a proposal for the way
forward.
First published in 1998, this volume brings together contributions
from leading economic analysts around the Pacific Basin, reporting
on their research into three of the most important issues facing
the region: trade, investment flows, and the environmental effects
of economic growth. Each of these issues has important domestic and
multilateral ramifications and the Pacific Basin's status as the
world's most dynamic economic region makes this analysis relevant
to policy makers and researchers in all countries. The collection
is unusual in offering appraisals from economists representing the
principal economies of the region. Among other contributions in the
book are insights into the forces animating regional trade and
investment, detailed assessment of leading East Asian economies
such as those of China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, and Singapore, and
innovative research on economy-environment linkages.
This book was initiated while the three major authors were at the
Development Centre of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD) in Paris, working on its program on economic
growth, trade, and sustainability. We wish to thank the OECD
Development Centre for its support. The book was completed during
summer 2001 at the Center for Agricultural and Rural Development
(CARD) at Iowa State University. We appreciate the resources and
financial support CARD provided for publication of this work.
Sandra Clarke provided technical editing of the manuscripts and
oversaw the indexing of the book; Becky Olson prepared the
camera-ready copy of the final manuscript. We thank them for their
instrumental help in these last steps. Part of the work presented
in this volume previously appeared in some form in journals. The
analysis of Chile presented in Chapter 6 appeared as "Growth,
Trade, Pollution and Natural-Resource Use in Chile. Evidence from
an Economywide Model," Agricultural Economics 19(1998): 87-97; and
as "Trade Integration, Environmental Degradation, and Public Health
in Chile: Assessing the Linkages," Environment and Development
Economics, in press. The work on Costa Rica and Indonesia
summarised in Chapter 10 appeared as "Is There a Trade-off Between
Trade Liberalisation and Pollution Abatement in Costa Rica? A
Computable General Equilibrium Assessment," Journal of Policy
Modeling 20(1): 11-31; and as "The Environment and Welfare
Implications of Trade and Tax Policy," Journal of Development
Economics 52(1997): 65-82.
First published in 1998, this volume brings together contributions
from leading economic analysts around the Pacific Basin, reporting
on their research into three of the most important issues facing
the region: trade, investment flows, and the environmental effects
of economic growth. Each of these issues has important domestic and
multilateral ramifications and the Pacific Basin's status as the
world's most dynamic economic region makes this analysis relevant
to policy makers and researchers in all countries. The collection
is unusual in offering appraisals from economists representing the
principal economies of the region. Among other contributions in the
book are insights into the forces animating regional trade and
investment, detailed assessment of leading East Asian economies
such as those of China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, and Singapore, and
innovative research on economy-environment linkages.
Social Security rules have changed constantly since its creation,
generating different outcomes across cohorts, race and gender. A
look at the history of social security in the US and Germany
provides substantial evidence of policy risk in their pay-as-you-go
systems. This does not only impose welfare costs on the population,
but also has important wealth accumulation and portfolio choice
consequences. Using the history of policy changes, estimates of the
potential welfare costs to the US population are presented. This
book also explores the effects of policy risk on wealth
accumulation, both looking at the effects the 1984 social security
reform in the US could have had on individuals' wealth
accumulation, as well as using aggregate data to estimate the
impact of social security wealth and risk on savings. The evidence
obtained suggests that there is an important substitution between
social security wealth and financial wealth, and that people
exposed to larger policy uncertainties accumulate more financial
wealth. Results imply that accounting for policy risk greatly
improves our understanding of the real effects of retirement
programs.
California is synonymous with opportunity, prosperity, and natural
beauty, but climate change will certainly influence the state's
future. Changes will affect the economy, natural resources, public
health, agriculture, and the livelihoods of its residents. But how
big is the risk? How will Californians adapt? What will it cost?
This book is the first to ask and attempt to answer these and other
questions so central to the long-term health of the state. While
California is undeniably unique and diverse, the challenges it
faces will be mirrored everywhere. This succinct and authoritative
review of the latest evidence suggests feasible changes that can
sustain prosperity, mitigate adverse impacts of climate change, and
stimulate research and policy dialog across the globe. The authors
argue that the sooner society recognizes the reality of climate
change risk, the more effectively we can begin adaptation to limit
costs to present and future generations. They show that climate
risk presents a new opportunity for innovation, supporting
aspirations for prosperity in a lower carbon, climate altered
future where we can continue economic progress without endangering
the environment and ourselves.
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