Sign languages are non-written languages. Given that the use of digital media and video recordings in documenting sign languages started only some 30 years ago, the life stories of Deaf elderly signers born in the 1930s-1940s have - except for a few scattered fragments in film - not been documented and are therefore under serious threat of being lost. The chapters compiled in this volume document important aspects of past and present experiences of elderly Deaf signers across Europe, as well as in Israel and the United States. Issues addressed include (i) historical events and how they were experienced by Deaf people, (ii) issues of identity and independence, (iii) aspects of language change, (iv) experiences of suppression and discrimination. The stories shared by elderly signers reveal intriguing, yet hidden, aspects of Deaf life. On the negative side, these include experiences of the Deaf in Nazi Germany and occupied countries and harsh practices in educational settings, to name a few. On the positive side, there are stories of resilience and vivid memories of school years and social and professional life. In this way, the volume contributes in a significant way to the preservation of the cultural and linguistic heritage of Deaf communities and sheds light on lesser known aspects against an otherwise familiar background. This publication has been made possible within the SIGN-HUB project, which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

It has been argued that properties of the visual-gestural modality impose a homogenizing effect on sign languages, leading to less structural variation in sign language structure as compared to spoken language structure. However, until recently, research on sign languages was limited to a number of (Western) sign languages. Before we can truly answer the question of whether modality effects do indeed cause less structural variation, it is necessary to investigate the similarities and differences that exist between sign languages in more detail and, especially, to include in this investigation less studied sign languages. The current research climate is testimony to a surge of interest in the study of a geographically more diverse range of sign languages. The volume reflects that climate and brings together work by scholars engaging in comparative sign linguistics research. The 11 articles discuss data from many different signed and spoken languages and cover a wide range of topics from different areas of grammar including phonology (word pictures), morphology (pronouns, negation, and auxiliaries), syntax (word order, interrogative clauses, auxiliaries, negation, and referential shift) and pragmatics (modal meaning and referential shift). In addition to this, the contributions address psycholinguistic issues, aspects of language change, and issues concerning data collection in sign languages, thereby providing methodological guidelines for further research. Although some papers use a specific theoretical framework for analyzing the data, the volume clearly focuses on empirical and descriptive aspects of sign language variation.

Since natural languages exist in two different modalities - the visual-gestural modality of sign languages and the auditory-oral modality of spoken languages - it is obvious that all fields of research in modern linguistics will benefit from research on sign languages. Although previous studies have provided important insights into a wide range of phenomena of sign languages, there are still many aspects of sign languages that have not yet been investigated thoroughly. The structure of subordinated clauses is a case in point. The study of these complex syntactic structures in the visual-gestural modality adds to our understanding of linguistic variation in the domain of subordination. Moreover, it offers new empirical and theoretical evidence concerning possible structures and functions of subordination in natural languages. And last but not least, it answers the question to what extent the corresponding morphosyntactic and prosodic strategies depend on the modality of articulation and perception. This volume represents the first collection of papers by leading experts in the field investigating topics that go beyond the analysis of simple clauses. It thus contributes in innovative ways to recent debates about syntax, prosody, semantics, discourse structure, and information structure and their complex interrelation.

The Routledge Handbook of Theoretical and Experimental Sign Language Research bridges the divide between theoretical and experimental approaches to provide an up-to-date survey of key topics in sign language research. With 29 chapters written by leading and emerging scholars from around the world, this Handbook covers the following key areas: On the theoretical side, all crucial aspects of sign language grammar studied within formal frameworks such as Generative Grammar; On the experimental side, theoretical accounts are supplemented by experimental evidence gained in psycho- and neurolinguistic studies; On the descriptive side, the main phenomena addressed in the reviewed scholarship are summarized in a way that is accessible to readers without previous knowledge of sign languages. Each chapter features an introduction, an overview of existing research, and a critical assessment of hypotheses and findings. The Routledge Handbook of Theoretical and Experimental Sign Language Research is key reading for all advanced students and researchers working at the intersection of sign language research, linguistics, psycholinguistics, and neurolinguistics.

Sign languages are non-written languages. Given that the use of digital media and video recordings in documenting sign languages started only some 30 years ago, the life stories of Deaf elderly signers born in the 1930s-1940s have - except for a few scattered fragments in film - not been documented and are therefore under serious threat of being lost. The chapters compiled in this volume document important aspects of past and present experiences of elderly Deaf signers across Europe, as well as in Israel and the United States. Issues addressed include (i) historical events and how they were experienced by Deaf people, (ii) issues of identity and independence, (iii) aspects of language change, (iv) experiences of suppression and discrimination. The stories shared by elderly signers reveal intriguing, yet hidden, aspects of Deaf life. On the negative side, these include experiences of the Deaf in Nazi Germany and occupied countries and harsh practices in educational settings, to name a few. On the positive side, there are stories of resilience and vivid memories of school years and social and professional life. In this way, the volume contributes in a significant way to the preservation of the cultural and linguistic heritage of Deaf communities and sheds light on lesser known aspects against an otherwise familiar background. This publication has been made possible within the SIGN-HUB project, which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology), funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union. Current grammatical knowledge about particular sign languages is fragmentary and of varying reliability, and it appears scattered in scientific publications where the description is often intertwined with the analysis. In general, comprehensive grammars are a rarity. The SignGram Blueprint is an innovative tool for the grammar writer: a full-fledged guide to describing all components of the grammars of sign languages in a thorough and systematic way, and with the highest scientific standards. The work builds on the existing knowledge in Descriptive Linguistics, but also on the insights from Theoretical Linguistics. It consists of two main parts running in parallel: the Checklist with all the grammatical features and phenomena the grammar writer can address, and the accompanying Manual with the relevant background information (definitions, methodological caveats, representative examples, tests, pointers to elicitation materials and bibliographical references). The areas covered are Phonology, Morphology, Lexicon, Syntax and Meaning. The Manual is endowed with hyperlinks that connect information across the work and with a pop-up glossary. The SignGram Blueprint will be a landmark for the description of sign language grammars in terms of quality and quantity.

Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 1995 im Fachbereich BWL - Unternehmensfuhrung, Management, Organisation, Note: 1,5, Hochschule Reutlingen (Fertigungswirtschaft), Veranstaltung: Prof. Dr. Kerksiek, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Inhaltsangabe: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Inhaltsverzeichnis: InhaltsverzeichnisIII AbbildungsverzeichnisVII TabellenverzeichnisIX AbkurzungsverzeichnisXII 1.Umweltmanagement als Chance der Unternehmen1 2.Politisch-rechtliche Grundlagen5 2.1Instrumente der Umweltpolitik6 2.2Umweltpolitische Handlungsgrundsatze8 2.2.1Das Vorsorgeprinzip9 2.2.2Das Verursacherprinzip10 2.2.3Das Kooperationsprinzip11 2.3Grundzuge des Umweltrechts11 2.3.1Die Umweltgesetzgebung16 2.3.2Der Vollzug19 2.3.3Die Rechtsprechung20 2.4Vorteile eines Umweltgesetzbuches22 2.5Checkliste Umweltrecht24 3.Umweltorientiertes Pesonalmanagement26 3.1Umweltorientierte Mitarbeitermotivation26 3.1.1Theorien der Motivation27 3.1.1.1Theorie nach Maslow27 3.1.1.2Theorie nach Herzberg28 3.1.1.3Umsetzung der Theorien auf den Umweltschutz im Unternehmen29 3.1.2Checkliste Mitarbeitermotivation32 3.2Arten von Mitarbeiterbeteiligung34 3.2.1Okologisches Lernen34 3.2.2Okologische Kommunikation37 3.2.3Das Umweltvorschlagswesen39 3.2.4Der Umweltqualitatszirkel41 3.2.5Die Umweltlernstatt43 3.2.6Der Umweltausschuss44 3.3Der Umweltbetriebsbeauftragte46 3.3.1Die Bestellung48 3.3.2Die Aufgaben48 3.3.2.1Die Kontrollfunktion49 3.3.2.2Die Initiativfunktion50 3.3.2.3Die Informationsfunktion50 3.3.2.4Die Reprasentativfunktion51 3.3.3Die Qualifikation51 3.3.4Die Rechte52 4.Die Organisation des Umweltschutzes53 4.1Anforderungen und Ziele der Umweltschutzorganisation53 4.2Der Umweltschutz in der Aufbauorganisation56 4.2.1Die Einlinienorganisation im Umweltschutz56 4.2.2Umweltschutz als Stablinienorganisation59 4.2.3Die funktionale Organisation im Umweltschutz67 4.2.4Die Matrixorganisation im Umweltschutz69 4.2.5Das Projektmanagement im Umweltschutz71 4.3Der Umweltschutz in der Ablauforganisation74 5.Das Umweltcontrolling80 5.