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Teaching is a very rewarding profession but it has its stressful
elements too. Inspections, assessments, reports, workshops are all
potentially stressful areas. The purpose of the present study was
to measure the stress of Elementary teachers. The questionnaire was
consisted on different sections; the factors of stress for the
teachers, effects of stress and techinques which are used by the
teachers to relieve their stress. After the analysis of data,
results showed that the stress factor decreased the teachers'
efficiency. The most stressful item for the teachers was students'
less attention in English learning.The other causes were
pronunciation and grammar problems, lack of vocabulary, lesson
plannig, work sheets and training etc. The most common effects of
stress on teachers were 'fast heart beat', 'headache' and
'exhausted' respectively. Stress relief items used by the teachers
were 'saying prayer', 'reading newspapers' and 'talking to friends
& family members' respectively. Stress should be decreased with
proper guidance, training, workshops relating English teaching,
disciplines and full attention of the teachers to English language
and their profession.
Randomized response technique has decades old history. Warner
(1965) is the founder of this technique. Block total response
technique is one of these methods that were initially proposed by
Smith et al. (1974). Raghavarao and Federer (1979) used the theory
of balanced incomplete block designs to determine the structure of
the questionnaires in their block total response technique
(symmetric designs). Smith and Street (2003) determined the best
designs in terms of minimum variance; used to estimate the
proportions of 3 to 6 sensitive questions using the block total
response procedure given a maximum total number of 13 questions. In
this study, some new designs are explored for 3 to 6 sensitive
questions given a maximum total number of 13 questions while
extending the work of Smith and Street (2003) to estimate the
proportion of population for 3 to 10 sensitive questions given a
maximum total number of 25 questions. The proposed design for six
sensitive questions has smaller variance than variance obtained
from the un-matched count technique of Dalton et al. (1994).
Wheat production in Pakistan can be divided into three distinct
periods: 1947-65, 1966-76 & 1976- todate. Wheat production
increased by 647% from 1948 to 2006 whereas area increased by 210%
in this period. Wheat worth of Rs. 220 b is produced year-1, where
in one percent gain/loss in wheat production would be equal to Rs.
2.20 b. During the last 11 years (1999-2009), production varied
from 18.223 to 23.40 m t with average yield of 2262 to 2585 Kg ha-
1. Wheat production is prime objective in agri. policies;
contributes 13.8% to the value added products in agri.& 3.2% to
the GDP. The wheat in arid zones often suffers a serious moisture
stress throughout its life cycle. Wheat yield improvement in the
rainfed areas would be the basis for eliminating hunger and to cope
with demands of population and indirectly upgrade the
socio-economic status of the farming community. The book in hand
provides baseline information on stability, adaptability and
genetic gain in wheat. It can furnish useful guide line for wheat
breeders, policy makers, agricultural graduates and should be in
every agriculture library.
Six genotypes of Tea Camellia sinensis L. i.e., Indonesian, Sri
Lankan, Ruopi, Qi men, Chuye & Japanese were tested at NTRI
during 2008, for 8 qualitative & 12 quantitative characters.
Germplasm was classified into three clusters based on qualitative
traits analysis using wards method.This indicates the trait
homology between Indonesian & Qi Men for Leaf shape, leaf
margin, leaf lower surface, leaf upper surface, shoot color,&
posture of leaf base. The linkage distance of their homology is 1.4
LD. The highest value for Veins pairs per leaf showed by Indonesian
(13.60), followed by Qi men (12.08).Lowest value of Internodes
distances showed by Ruopi (3.6cm), followed by Qi men (3.7 cm).Min
Value of branch angle to stem showed by Qimen 35 followed by
Japanese i.e. 38 . Qi men & Sri Lankan showed the mean number
of Leaves at shoot (2.4).It is concluded that genotype Qi men
remain ideal for desired quantitative traits, e. g vein pair &
numbers of leaves at shoot, internodes distances & ideal branch
angle. This morphogenetic distinctiveness recommends that Qi men is
well suited in the climatic condition of Pakistan for the
production of tea.
This book provides the fundamental knowledge on Pest- Host
Interactions in Integrated Pest Management of Stored Product Pest,
Cigarette Beetle (Lasioderma serricorne). It provides training
material for food / feed material industries and extremely valuable
information for tobacco companies, food organizations, researchers,
university students and technicians engaged in studies and control
of stored product pests and therefore should be in each
agricultural library. This book discusses the fundamentals of
Stored-product pest management needs to be considered in planning,
implementation, and evaluation of a successful pest management
program. With recent regulatory changes, customer's concern about
pesticide residues in tobacco and other foods, and companies
embracing IPM and alternative approaches for Stored Product Pest
Management, this book is timely developed. It provides the
base-line information of IPM like pest-host interactions
responsible for susceptibility and resistance responses of
Cigarette Beetle (Lasioderma serricorne).
Pakistan is facing tremendous shortage of edible oils. The domestic
edible oil production does't meet the need of the country. The
total availability of edible oils was 2.381 million tons in
2007-08. Local production stood at 0.833 million tons, which
accounted for 30.4 percent of the total availability while the
remaining 69.6 percent was made available through imports at the
cost of Rs. 71.882 billion. In this way, edible oil stood at the
top in the import of food group and on number second after
petroleum group in the total import. This huge drain on our
hard-earned foreign exchange resources is a great challenge for our
planners, agricultural scientists and extension workers. Any
attempt to help in amelioration of this worsening situation is the
need of the day. The traditional or conventional oilseed crops are
rapeseed/mustard, sesame and groundnut, while non-traditional
oilseed crops are sunflower, soybean and safflower. Among these
crops rapeseed/mustard and sunflower have assumed special position
in the agriculture economy of Pakistan. Much of the research
efforts have been directed towards the improvement of these oilseed
crops.
Ephedra nebrodensis, a source of ephedrine used in orthodox
medicine to treat bronchial asthma, high fever and as a heart
stimulant. Some species are over exploited while many others are
under exploited. The present study area represents unique and
enormous diversity of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP) within a
relatively small geographic area due to variation in topography,
altitude and climate. The MAP species have supported livelihood of
many people in the area. They are being collected for export both
to national and international markets. The high dependency of rural
people on MAP for subsistence and unsustainable harvesting
practices has resulted over exploitation of resources in different
areas of the country. The study also revealed that the availability
of important MAP species is decreasing and the number of rare and
threatened species among the MAPs is increasing. Recommendations
are, therefore, given in the spheres of training in identification,
sustainable collection, value addition, trade monitoring and
cooperative system of marketing.
Groundnut being arid agriculture crop is facing serious pod yield
reducing threats. The global warming further deteriorates this
menace and now drought emerges as major limiting factor in
groundnut yield maximization. In this study different genotypes
were evaluated at three different Agro-Eclogical Zones to identy
high pod yielding and adopted groundnut genotype(s) for commercial
cultivation. The book in hand certainly provides base-line
information and guiding principles for groundnut researchers,
planners, students, progressive growers and organizations.
Therefore, it should be in each library.
Groundnut being arid agriculture crop is facing serious pod yield
reducing threads. The global worming further deteriorates this
menace and now drought emerges as major limiting factor in
groundnut production. In this study different phytoharmones were
applied at different phases of growth under drought to minimize the
adverse effect on pod yield in groundnut. The book an hand will
provide useful informations and can be helpful for groundnut
researchers, planners, students and progressive growers.
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