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These interdisciplinary studies address pre-1900 non-Western urban
growth in the African Sudan, Mexico, the Ottoman Middle East, and
South, Southeast, and East Asia. Therein, primary and secondary
cities served as functional societal agents that were viable and
potentially powerful alternatives to the diversity of kinship-based
local or regional networks, the societal delegated spaces in which
local and external agencies met and interacted in a wide variety of
political, economic, spiritual, and military forms. They were
variously transportation centers, sites of a central temples, court
and secular administration centers, fortified military compounds,
intellectual (literary) activity cores, and marketplace and/or
craft production sites. One element of these urban centers'
existence might have been more important than others, as a
political capital, a cultural capital, or an economic capital. In
the post-1500 era of increasing globalization, especially with the
introduction of new technologies of transport, communication, and
warfare, non-Western cities even more became the hubs of knowledge,
societal, and cultural formation and exchange because of the
location of both markets and political centers in urban areas. New
forms of professionalism, militarization, and secular
bureaucratization were foundational to centralizing state
hierarchies that could exert more control over their networked
segments. This book's authors consciously attempt to balance the
histories of functional urban agency between the local and the
exogenous, giving weight to local activities, events, beliefs,
institutions, communities, individuals, and historical narratives.
In several studies, both external and internal societal prejudices
and the inability of key decision makers to understand indigenous
reality led to negative consequences both in the local environment
and in the global arena.
With the closure of the overland Silk Road in the fourteenth
century following the collapse of the Mongol empire, the Indian
Ocean provided the remaining vital link for wider cultural,
political, and societal integrations prior to the Western colonial
presence. Collectively, these studies explore the history of
non-metropolitan urban settings c. 1400-1800 in the Indian Ocean
realm, from the Ottoman Empire and the African coastline at the
mouth of the Red Sea in the west to China in the east. This was an
age of heightened international commercial exchange that pre-dated
the European arrival, which in the Indian Ocean paired Islamic
expansionism and political authority, and, alternately, in the case
of mainland Southeast Asia, partnered Buddhism with new
centralizing monarchies. While grounded in multi-disciplinary urban
studies literature, the twelve studies in this collection explore
secondary center networking, as this networking distinguishes
secondary cities from metropolitan centers, which have
traditionally received the most scholarly attention. The book
features the research of international scholars, whose work
addresses the representative history of small cities and urban
networking in various parts of the Indian Ocean world in an era of
change, allowing them the opportunity to compare approaches,
methods, and sources in the hopes of discovering common features as
well as notable differences. This volume is the result of a 2007
conference on 'The Small City in Global Context, ' hosted by the
Center for Middletown Studies at Ball State University, Muncie,
Indiana, intended to expand the field of urban studies by
encouraging scholars of diverse global interests and
specializations to explore the history of non-metropolitan urban
settings.
With the closure of the overland Silk Road in the fourteenth
century following the collapse of the Mongol empire, the Indian
Ocean provided the remaining vital link for wider cultural,
political, and societal integrations prior to the Western colonial
presence. Collectively, these studies explore the history of
non-metropolitan urban settings c. 1400-1800 in the Indian Ocean
realm, from the Ottoman Empire and the African coastline at the
mouth of the Red Sea in the west to China in the east. This was an
age of heightened international commercial exchange that pre-dated
the European arrival, which in the Indian Ocean paired Islamic
expansionism and political authority, and, alternately, in the case
of mainland Southeast Asia, partnered Buddhism with new
centralizing monarchies. While grounded in multi-disciplinary urban
studies literature, the twelve studies in this collection explore
secondary center networking, as this networking distinguishes
secondary cities from metropolitan centers, which have
traditionally received the most scholarly attention. The book
features the research of international scholars, whose work
addresses the representative history of small cities and urban
networking in various parts of the Indian Ocean world in an era of
change, allowing them the opportunity to compare approaches,
methods, and sources in the hopes of discovering common features as
well as notable differences. This volume is the result of a 2007
conference on "The Small City in Global Context," hosted by the
Center for Middletown Studies at Ball State University, Muncie,
Indiana, intended to expand the field of urban studies by
encouraging scholars of diverse global interests and
specializations to explore the history of non-metropolitan urban
settings.
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