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Once the exclusive preserve of member states, international
organizations have become increasingly open in recent decades. Now
virtually all international organizations at some level involve
NGOs, business actors and scientific experts in policy-making. This
book offers the first systematic and comprehensive analysis of this
development. Combining statistical analysis and in-depth case
studies, it maps and explains the openness of international
organizations across issue areas, policy functions and world
regions from 1950 to 2010. Addressing the question of where, how
and why international organizations offer transnational actors
access to global policy-making, this book has implications for
critical issues in world politics. When do states share authority
with private actors? What drives the design of international
organizations? How do activists and businesses influence global
politics? Is civil society involvement a solution to democratic
deficits in global governance?
Once the exclusive preserve of member states, international
organizations have become increasingly open in recent decades. Now
virtually all international organizations at some level involve
NGOs, business actors and scientific experts in policy-making. This
book offers the first systematic and comprehensive analysis of this
development. Combining statistical analysis and in-depth case
studies, it maps and explains the openness of international
organizations across issue areas, policy functions and world
regions from 1950 to 2010. Addressing the question of where, how
and why international organizations offer transnational actors
access to global policy-making, this book has implications for
critical issues in world politics. When do states share authority
with private actors? What drives the design of international
organizations? How do activists and businesses influence global
politics? Is civil society involvement a solution to democratic
deficits in global governance?
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC
BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford
Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and
selected open access locations. Global Legitimacy Crises addresses
the consequences of legitimacy in global governance, in particular
asking: when and how do legitimacy crises affect international
organizations and their capacity to rule. The book starts with a
new conceptualization of legitimacy crisis that looks at public
challenges from a variety of actors. Based on this
conceptualization, it applies a mixed-methods approach to identify
and examine legitimacy crises, starting with a quantitative
analysis of mass media data on challenges of a sample of 32 IOs. It
shows that some, but not all organizations have experienced
legitimacy crises, spread over several decades from 1985 to 2020.
Following this, the book presents a qualitative study to further
examine legitimacy crises of two selected case studies: the WTO and
the UNFCCC. Whereas earlier research assumed that legitimacy crises
have negative consequences, the book introduces a theoretical
framework that privileges the activation inherent in a legitimacy
crisis. It holds that this activation may not only harm an IO, but
could also strengthen it, in terms of its material, institutional,
and decision-making capacity. The following statistical analysis
shows that whether a crisis has predominantly negative or positive
effects depends on a variety of factors. These include the specific
audience whose challenges define a certain crisis, and several
institutional properties of the targeted organization. The ensuing
in-depth analysis of the WTO and the UNFCCC further reveals how
legitimacy crises and both positive and negative consequences are
interlinked, and that effects of crises are sometimes even visible
beyond the organizational borders.
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