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Atomic Steppe tells the untold true story of how the obscure
country of Kazakhstan said no to the most powerful weapons in human
history. With the fall of the Soviet Union, the marginalized
Central Asian republic suddenly found itself with the world's
fourth largest nuclear arsenal on its territory. Would it give up
these fire-ready weapons-or try to become a Central Asian North
Korea? This book takes us inside Kazakhstan's extraordinary and
little-known nuclear history from the Soviet period to the present.
For Soviet officials, Kazakhstan's steppe was not an ecological
marvel or beloved homeland, but an empty patch of dirt ideal for
nuclear testing. Two-headed lambs were just the beginning of the
resulting public health disaster for Kazakhstan-compounded, when
the Soviet Union collapsed, by the daunting burden of becoming an
overnight nuclear power. Equipped with intimate personal
perspective and untapped archival resources, Togzhan Kassenova
introduces us to the engineers turned diplomats, villagers turned
activists, and scientists turned pacifists who worked toward
disarmament. With thousands of nuclear weapons still present around
the world, the story of how Kazakhs gave up their nuclear
inheritance holds urgent lessons for global security.
Atomic Steppe tells the untold true story of how the obscure
country of Kazakhstan said no to the most powerful weapons in human
history. With the fall of the Soviet Union, the marginalized
Central Asian republic suddenly found itself with the world's
fourth largest nuclear arsenal on its territory. Would it give up
these fire-ready weapons—or try to become a Central Asian North
Korea? This book takes us inside Kazakhstan's extraordinary and
little-known nuclear history from the Soviet period to the present.
For Soviet officials, Kazakhstan's steppe was not an ecological
marvel or beloved homeland, but an empty patch of dirt ideal for
nuclear testing. Two-headed lambs were just the beginning of the
resulting public health disaster for Kazakhstan—compounded, when
the Soviet Union collapsed, by the daunting burden of becoming an
overnight nuclear power. Equipped with intimate personal
perspective and untapped archival resources, Togzhan Kassenova
introduces us to the engineers turned diplomats, villagers turned
activists, and scientists turned pacifists who worked toward
disarmament. With thousands of nuclear weapons still present around
the world, the story of how Kazakhs gave up their nuclear
inheritance holds urgent lessons for global security.
This book is a study of cooperative security efforts between the
United States and Russia since the collapse of the Soviet Union. It
undertakes an analysis of the Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR)
Program and several other programs established by different U.S.
Departments. The CTR process demonstrates both, the achievements
and limitations of the evolving new framework of interaction
between the U.S. and Russia. This investigation is the first
attempt to use the CTR process as a case study for U.S.-Russian
strategic relations in the post-Cold War international security
system. By answering the questions of why this process is prone to
some persistent problems of implementation and why it was possible
in the first place, it yields significant conclusions regarding the
nature of U.S.-Russian relations, and the achievements as well as
limitations in the bilateral relationship since the end of the Cold
War. "From Antagonism to Partnership" contributes to the existing
literature on cooperative threat reduction as a study linking CTR
to the wider context of the opportunities, challenges and
constraints determining the nature of post-Cold War relations
between the U.S. and Russia.
International efforts to prevent the spread of weapons of mass
destruction (WMD)-including nuclear, biological, and chemical
weapons-rest upon foundations provided by global treaties such as
the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and the Chemical Weapons
Convention (CWC). Over time, however, states have created a number
of other mechanisms for organizing international cooperation to
promote nonproliferation. Examples range from regional efforts to
various worldwide export-control regimes and nuclear security
summit meetings initiated by U.S. president Barack Obama. Many of
these additional nonproliferation arrangements are less formal and
have fewer members than the global treaties. International
Cooperation on WMD Nonproliferation calls attention to the
emergence of international cooperation beyond the core global
nonproliferation treaties. The contributors examine why these other
cooperative nonproliferation mechanisms have emerged, assess their
effectiveness, and ask how well the different pieces of the global
nonproliferation regime complex fit together. Collectively, the
essayists show that states have added new forms of international
cooperation to combat WMD proliferation for multiple reasons,
including the need to address new problems and the entrepreneurial
activities of key state leaders. Despite the complications created
by the existence of so many different cooperative arrangements,
this collection shows the world is witnessing a process of building
cooperation that is leading to greater levels of activity in
support of norms against WMD and terrorism.
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