THE STRANGLING OF PERSIA MR. W. MORGAN SHTJSTEE, LATE TREASURER-GENERAL OF PEK8IA. THE STRANGLING OF PERSIA STORY OF THE EUROPEAN DIPLOMACY AND ORIENTAL INTRIGUE THAT RE SULTED IN THE DENATIONALIZATION OF TWELVE MILLION MOHAMMEDANS A PERSONAL NAEEATI E BY W. MORGAN SHUSTER EX-TREAStmER-GENERAL OP PERSIA ILLUSTRATED WITH PHOTOGRAPHS AND MAP NEW YORK THE CENTURY CO. 1912 TO THE PERSIAN PEOPLE In the endeavor to repay in some slight measure the debt of gratitude imposed on me through their confidence in my purposes toward them and by their unwavering belief, under difficult and forbidding cir cumstances, in my desire to serve them for the re generation of their nation, this book is dedicated by the author. U4S 1 t l t CONTENTS CHAPTER I Persia decides to obtain financial administrators from America. The Americans arrive at Teheran 3 CHAPTER II The political and financial situation in Persia as we found it. Powers of the Regent, the Cabinet and the Medjlis. Form of government and sources of revenue. The public debt. The various foreign loans ... o 35 CHAPTER III General plan adopted for reorganization. The law of June 13, 1911. Attitude of the foreign powers. The Stokes incident. The Treas ury Gendarmerie. The spirit of the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 49 CHAPTER IV The attempt of Muhammad Ali Mirza, ex-Shah of Persia, to regain the throne. Russian intrigues and connivance. Military operations against the ex-Shah and his brothers. Success of the Nationalist troops. Defeat and death of Arshadud-Dawla 85 CHAPTER V Military operations against Prince Salarud-Dawla. His defeat by the Government forces. The incident arising from the confiscation by the Government of the estates of PrinceShuauVSaltana. My letter to the London Times 134 CHAPTER VI The first Russian ultimatum to Persia. The British Government ad vises Persia to accept. The Persian Government apologizes. The second ultimatum 157 CHAPTER VII The bread riots. The Medjlis rejects Russias ultimatum. Invasion by Russian troops. Persia plans for resistance. Part played by P ersian women. Abolishment of the Modjlis by coup detat Decem ber 24 169 CONTENTS CHAPTER VIII PAG33 My relations with the de facto Government of Persia. Massacres at Tabriz, Resht and Enzeli by Russian troops. My departure from Teheran 205 CHAPTER IX Character of the Regent, of the different Government officials and of the Medjlis. Character and capacity of the Persian people . . . 231 CHAPTER X The European diplomatic field in 1911. British and Russian policies. The Potsdam Agreement and the secret understanding between Rus sia and Germany. Strategical value of Persia. Sir Edward Greys charges against the Treasurer-General. The Anglo-Russian Agree ment .... 247 CHAPTER XI The taxation system of Persia. My plans for the reorganization of the finances. Possibilities of railroad development. Potential wealth and resources of Persia 277 CHAPTER XII Conclusion, , ..-. ., . 319 LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS PAGE Mr. W. Morgan Sinister, Late Treasurer-General of Persia, Frontispiece Nasiru J d-Din Shah with overcoat and a group of his Ministers and Attendants xix Mushirud Dawla xxvi Aynud-Dawla, One of the Persian Grandees of the Old Regime . . . xxvi Muhammad AH Shah Mounted on his Favorite Horse xxxi Aminus-Sultan, Atabak xxxi Russian and Persian Officers of the Notorious Cossack Brigade . xxxviii Muhammad Ali Shah now ex-Shah and His Suite xliv Mr. H.C. Baskerville, The American Teacher in Tabriz .... xlvii Mr. W. A. Moore xlvii Muhammad Ali Shah and His Suite Iviii Ayvan, one of the two Assassins of the Persian Minister of Finance., Saniud-Dawla, who was shot in February, 1911 . ., . . . . Ixi Saniud-Dawla, The Minister of Finance Ixi Map showing the three Spheres Russian, British and Neutral De fined in the Anglo-Russian Agreement of August 31, 1907 ... 4 Mr. F. S. Cairns, Director of Taxation, and Mr. Shusters Principal Assistant in Persia 7 Mr. Charles I...

How are cancer and inflammation interrelated mechanistically and clinically? Though extensive literature exists on the topic "Cancer and Inflammation," there are relatively few texts that have truly integrated the two in spite of the many common mechanisms shared by their processes. Certainly, areas such as cytokines, growth factors, proliferation, signal transduction and angiogenesis, for example, are found in both. Yet, the dynamics of how these common mechanisms are maybe interrelated in the pathologies of the two is not widely covered. Such coverage, as presented in this volume, may help further understanding and bring new approaches to therapeutics.

The first section of the book discusses inflammatory mechanisms, studied in cellular and animal studies. The second part concentrates on clinical studies with antiinflammatory drugs in cancer treatment. The volume is written for biomedical researchers in the health care industry and in academia who are working in these areas.

Communists on Education and Culture, 1848-1948 is aimed at both a specialist and non-specialist readership. It provides a detailed yet readable account of the attitudes of leading communists, including Marx, Engels, Lenin, Trotsky, Gorky, Gramsci, Lukacs, Mao Zedong and John Maclean, towards education and culture during the first 100 years of the communist movement.

As the fortieth anniversary of the Nixon resignation approaches, it is time to take a fresh look at Watergate's impact on the American political system and to consider its significance for the historical reputation of the president indelibly associated with it.

In 1961 Smale established the generalized Poincare Conjecture in dimensions greater than or equal to 5 [129] and proceeded to prove the h-cobordism theorem [130]. This result inaugurated a major effort to classify all possible smooth and topological structures on manifolds of dimension at least 5. By the mid 1970's the main outlines of this theory were complete, and explicit answers (especially concerning simply connected manifolds) as well as general qualitative results had been obtained. As an example of such a qualitative result, a closed, simply connected manifold of dimension 2: 5 is determined up to finitely many diffeomorphism possibilities by its homotopy type and its Pontrjagin classes. There are similar results for self-diffeomorphisms, which, at least in the simply connected case, say that the group of self-diffeomorphisms of a closed manifold M of dimension at least 5 is commensurate with an arithmetic subgroup of the linear algebraic group of all automorphisms of its so-called rational minimal model which preserve the Pontrjagin classes [131]. Once the high dimensional theory was in good shape, attention shifted to the remaining, and seemingly exceptional, dimensions 3 and 4. The theory behind the results for manifolds of dimension at least 5 does not carryover to manifolds of these low dimensions, essentially because there is no longer enough room to maneuver. Thus new ideas are necessary to study manifolds of these "low" dimensions.

Contents. List of Contributors. Preface. T.J. Mitchell and T.J. Williams: The role of eotaxin and related CC-chemokines in asthma and allergy. Roger J. Davis: Signal transduction by the JNK group of MAP kinases. Marie Chabot-Fletcher: TNF and IL-1 signaling to NF-kB. Anthony M. Manning: Small molecule regulators of AP-1 and NF-kB. Robert T. Abraham: Mammalian target of rapamycin: Immunosuppressive drugs offer new insights into cell growth regulation. Catherine A. Burton, John Boylan, Candy Robinson, Janet Kerr and Pamela Benfield: Constitutive expression of a tumor suppressor leads to tumor regression in a xenograft model. Steven D. Shapiro: Macrophage metalloproteinases in destructive inflammatory diseases. Nancy H. Ruddle: Lymphotoxin in inflammation and lymphoid organ development: Variations on a theme. Steven L. Kunkel, Sem H. Phan, Nicholas W. Lukacs, Cory Hogaboam and Stephen W. Chensue: Chemokine/cytokine biology during the evolution of fibrotic disease. Long Gu, Susan C. Tseng and Barrett J. Rollins: The role of MCP-1 in disease. Lisa A. Beck, Cristiana Stellato, Syed Shahabuddin, Renate Nickel and Robert P. Schleimer: The role of chemokines in allergic diseases of the airways. James Winkler and Ken Tramposch (coordicators): Ninth International Conference of the Inflammation Research Association, November 1-5, 1998: Summaries of workshops and poster discussions. William Williams and Elizabeth Arner (chair persons): Targets in rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. Lawrence Wennogle and Nancy Cusack (chair persons): Signal transduction and regulation of gene expression. James Burke and Floyd Chilton (chair persons): Mediators in inflammation and their enzymes. Denis Schrier and Fandrew Issekutz (chair persons): Cell adhesion molecules and leukocyte trafficking. Robert M. Strieter and David Underwood (chair persons): Pulmonary inflammation, fibrosis, and disease. W. Hunter and E. Turley (chair persons): Angiogenesis, wound repair and skin inflammation. Index.

Purpose of In vivo Models of Inflammation is to provide the biomedical researcher in both the pharmaceutical industry and academia with a description of the state of the art animal model systems used to emulate diseases with components of inflammation. The aim of this second edition is to act as a complement to the first by describing and updating the standard models that are most utilized for specific disease areas. In addition, this 2nd edition includes new models exploring emerging areas of inflammation research.

It provides detailed descriptions of the methodologies and uses of the most significant models. This includes current information regarding agents that demonstrate efficacy, those that do not and those that can be used as standard controls. The focus remains on those models that serve as pre-clinical correlates to human disease as well as those that represent components of the inflammatory response.

New approaches to the development of future models in selected therapeutic areas have been highlighted. The focus on novel technologies that are vital for innovative in vivo research has also been expanded to include chapters on the use of transgenic and gene transfer technologies, nanotechnology, and stem cells.

The book provides the scientist with an up-to-date reference manual for selecting the best animal model for their specific question. Chapters describing current regulations in the United States, United Kingdom, and Japan are also included.

Of all the teachings of Christianity, the doctrine of hell is easily the most troubling, so much so that in recent years the church has been quietly tucking it away. Rarely mentioned anymore in the pulpit, it has faded through disuse among evangelicals and been attacked by liberal theologians. Hell is no longer only the target of those outside the church. Today, a disturbing number of professing Christians question it as well. Perhaps more than at any other time in history, hell is under fire. The implications of the historic view of hell make the popular alternatives, annihilationism and universalism, seem extremely appealing. But the bottom line is still God s Word. What does the Old Testament reveal about hell? What does Paul the apostle have to say, or the book of Revelation? Most important, what does Jesus, the ultimate expression of God s love, teach us about God s wrath? Upholding the authority of Scripture, the different authors in Hell Under Fire explore a complex topic from various angles. R. Albert Mohler Jr. provides a historical, theological, and cultural overview of The Disappearance of Hell. Christopher Morgan draws on the New Testament to offer three pictures of hell as punishment, destruction, and banishment. J. I. Packer compares universalism with the traditional understanding of hell, Morgan does the same with annihilationism, and Sinclair Ferguson considers how the reality of hell ought to influence preaching. These examples offer some idea of this volume s scope and thoroughness. Hell may be under fire, but its own flames cannot be quenched by popular opinion. This book helps us gain a biblical perspective on what hell is and why we cannot afford to ignore it. And it offers us a better understanding of the One who longs for all people to escape judgment and obtain eternal life through Jesus Christ."

Structural Mechanics, first published in 1958, has become established as a classic text on the theory of structures and design methods of structural members. The book clearly and logically presents the subject's basic principles, keeping the mathematical content to its essential minimum. The seventh edition has been revised to provide up-to-date design guidance, principles in line with the current British Standards and Eurocodes. The original simplicity of the mathematical treatment has been maintained, while more emphasis on the relevance of structural mechanics to the process of structural design, analysis, materials, loads on building and structures according to the current British Standard and European Code of Practice. The initial chapters of the book deal with the concept of loads and their effects on structural materials and elements in terms of stress and strain. The significance of the shape of the cross-section of structural elements is then considered before the book finishes with the design of simple structural elements such as beams, columns, rafters, portal frames, dome frames and gravity retaining walls.

This expanded edition of the ESV Systematic Theology Study Bible features study notes from the ESV Student Study Bible, over 400 in-text summaries, 25 articles, book introductions, sidebars, and more.

Mississippian Age crinoids from Crawfordsville, Indiana, are known worldwide for their completeness, abundance, comparatively large size, and extraordinary aesthetic appeal. With over 100 detailed photos and drawings and incisive text, this book describes the locality, focusing on its exceptional value from both scientific and lay perspectives. The geologic region is explored, along with the factors believed to have led to the unusual preservation of these crinoids. Detailed descriptions of the morphology, geological history, and classification of stemmed Paleozoic age crinoids follows. Diagrams and photos of real specimens aid in understanding crinoid terminology and identifying and classifying these crinoids to the genus and species level. This book is written for both the new and advanced collector. It is also valuable to the new student of invertebrate paleontology. It provides updated insight into the morphology, classification, and identification of crinoid fossils collected at the Crawfordsville localities.

Ethylene in Plant Biology, Second Edition provides a definitive survey of what is currently known about this structurally simplest of all plant growth regulators. This volume contains all new material plus a bibliographic guide to the complete literature of this field. Progress in molecular biology and biotechnology as well as biochemistry, plant physiology, development, regulation, and environmental aspects is covered in nine chapters co-authored by three eminent authorities in plant ethylene research. This volume is the modern text reference for all researchers and students of ethylene in plant and agricultural science.
Key Features
* Completely updated
* Concise, readable style for students and professional
* Contains an extensive bibliographic guide to the original literature
* Well illustrated with diagrams and photographs
* Thorough coverage of:
* ethylene and ethephon roles and effects
* stress ethylene
* biosynthesis of ethylene
* molecular biology of ethylene
* action of ethylene
* agricultural uses of ethylene

In this book, David Morgan, the expert who made the whips for the Indiana Jones movies, shows how to braid simple projects quickly. With close attention to detail and a little practice using the methods described here, novices can produce attractive and enduring items from precut lace or a skin or side of leather. Braiding Fine Leather was written to help the beginning braider acquire basic skills. After completing some simple projects that can be done well at an early stage, the braider will develop the confidence to attempt more involved types of braided work, from handsome clothing accessories to practical livestock-handling gear. The book begins with an overview of materials, tools, and fundamental braiding methods. Then seven projects are presented, each adding something new to the skills already practiced. Photographs taken in sequence are used to illustrate the instructions, giving the new braider a close-up look at each step in the braiding process. The techniques used in this book come from those developed in Australian whipmaking shops, which are well-recognized for the high quality of their work. The craft had been carried to Australia by thongmakers from England, who were familiar with the thongs used on finely braided carriage whips. Kangaroo leather, one of the finest leathers available for braiding, provided the material for high-quality work, and a large and discriminating market in Australia led to highly refined techniques. Providing complete, straightforward instructions and close-up photographs showing each step in the process, David Morgan has created an excellent book for those who want to learn to braid leather.

This expanded edition of the ESV Systematic Theology Study Bible features study notes from the ESV Student Study Bible, over 400 in-text summaries, 25 articles, book introductions, sidebars, and more.

Whipmaking--the highest refinement of the art of leather braiding--is the main emphasis of this book. While the original text focused on the design and construction of whips made in the Western tradition, this revised edition adds two completely new sections. First, it introduces another major category of whips--those made in the Mongol tradition. Braiding details are shown in an extensive selection of photographs that also serve to document the geographic distribution of the whips; their historic use and characteristics and explained in detailed captions. Second, a new chapter describes the evolution of a whip design that became world-famous through its association with Hollywood. The whips used by Indiana Jones were all made by the author, David W. Morgan. The first movie prompted an immediate revival of interest in whips for performance and sport use, and the enthusiasm has grown with each new film.

How are cancer and inflammation interrelated mechanistically and clinically? Though extensive literature exists on the topic "Cancer and Inflammation," there are relatively few texts that have truly integrated the two in spite of the many common mechanisms shared by their processes. Certainly, areas such as cytokines, growth factors, proliferation, signal transduction and angiogenesis, for example, are found in both. Yet, the dynamics of how these common mechanisms are maybe interrelated in the pathologies of the two is not widely covered. Such coverage, as presented in this volume, may help further understanding and bring new approaches to therapeutics.

The first section of the book discusses inflammatory mechanisms, studied in cellular and animal studies. The second part concentrates on clinical studies with antiinflammatory drugs in cancer treatment. The volume is written for biomedical researchers in the health care industry and in academia who are working in these areas.

The Seventh International Conference of the Inflammation Research Association, entitled "Inflammation, Mechanisms and Therapeutics" was held on September 25-29,1994 in White Haven, Pennsylvania. The major focus of this series of conferences is the multidisciplinary investigation of inflammation and the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches to inflammatory diseases. It was therefore particularly gratifying that the list of attendees included scientists of diverse backgrounds - preclinical biology, synthetic and theoretical chemistry, biotechnology and clinical research. The Conference was characterized by a very high degree of participation in the scientific debate by attendees, a large proportion of whom presented at poster sessions, poster discussions and workshops, and by the many opportunities for informal discussion provided by the organizers. This volume captures much of the excitement and enthusiasm of the Conference and should be a valuable resource for scientists in the field. Niall S. Doherty Barry M. Weichman Douglas W. Morgan Lisa A. Marshall IX Acknowledgments The manuscripts contained in this volume are based on material presented at the Seventh International Conference of the Inflammation Research Association held in White Haven, Pennsylvania, on September 25-29,1994. We would like to thank the speakers and session chairpersons for their contributions to the Conference and these Proceedings. The following individuals played indispensable roles in the organization and running of the Conference and are responsible for making it such a success: PLANNING SCHOLARSHIP Niall S. Doherty Janet Kerr, Chairperson Barry M. Weichman Richard Carlson Douglas Morgan Richard Harris Loran Killar D.

As the fortieth anniversary of the Nixon resignation approaches, it is time to take a fresh look at Watergate's impact on the American political system and to consider its significance for the historical reputation of the president indelibly associated with it.