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This book provides comprehensive coverage of Lithium (Li) metal
anodes for rechargeable batteries. Li is an ideal anode material
for rechargeable batteries due to its extremely high theoretical
specific capacity (3860 mAh g-1), low density (0.59 g cm-3), and
the lowest negative electrochemical potential ( 3.040 V vs.
standard hydrogenelectrodes). Unfortunately, uncontrollable
dendritic Li growth and limited Coulombic efficiency during Li
deposition/stripping inherent in these batteries have prevented
their practical applications over the past 40 years. With the
emergence of post Liion batteries, safe and efficient operation of
Li metal anodes has become an enabling technology which may
determine the fate of several promising candidates for the next
generation energy storage systems, including rechargeable Li-air
batteries, Li-S batteries, and Li metal batteries which utilize
intercalation compounds as cathodes. In this work, various factors
that affect the morphology and Coulombic efficiency of Li anodes
are analyzed. The authors also present the technologies utilized to
characterize the morphology of Li deposition and the results
obtained by modeling of Li dendrite growth. Finally, recent
developments, especially the new approaches that enable safe and
efficient operation of Li metal anodes at high current densities
are reviewed. The urgent need and perspectives in this field are
also discussed. The fundamental understanding and approaches
presented in this work will be critical for the applicationof Li
metal anodes. The general principles and approaches can also be
used in other metal electrodes and general electrochemical
deposition of metal films.
This book provides comprehensive coverage of Lithium (Li) metal
anodes for rechargeable batteries. Li is an ideal anode material
for rechargeable batteries due to its extremely high theoretical
specific capacity (3860 mAh g-1), low density (0.59 g cm-3), and
the lowest negative electrochemical potential ( 3.040 V vs.
standard hydrogenelectrodes). Unfortunately, uncontrollable
dendritic Li growth and limited Coulombic efficiency during Li
deposition/stripping inherent in these batteries have prevented
their practical applications over the past 40 years. With the
emergence of post Liion batteries, safe and efficient operation of
Li metal anodes has become an enabling technology which may
determine the fate of several promising candidates for the next
generation energy storage systems, including rechargeable Li-air
batteries, Li-S batteries, and Li metal batteries which utilize
intercalation compounds as cathodes. In this work, various factors
that affect the morphology and Coulombic efficiency of Li anodes
are analyzed. The authors also present the technologies utilized to
characterize the morphology of Li deposition and the results
obtained by modeling of Li dendrite growth. Finally, recent
developments, especially the new approaches that enable safe and
efficient operation of Li metal anodes at high current densities
are reviewed. The urgent need and perspectives in this field are
also discussed. The fundamental understanding and approaches
presented in this work will be critical for the applicationof Li
metal anodes. The general principles and approaches can also be
used in other metal electrodes and general electrochemical
deposition of metal films.
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