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Miles Fletcher examines the role of the Japanese business community
in helping the nation solve an unprecedented combination of
economic challenges in the 1920s and 1930s: chronic trade deficits,
world depression, rampant protectionism, and mobilization for war
in Asia. Because of such severe crises, business executives changed
their attitudes toward foreign trade and types of national economic
policies needed to succeed in a global marketplace.
After trade deficits began occurring in the 1920s, business leaders
and business groups became obsessed with finding ways of expanding
trade and ensuring a healthy balance of exports and imports. The
onset of worldwide depression in 1930 brought trade barriers to
Japanese exports in every major market, and the failure of the
World Economic Conference in London in 1933 made prospects even
more bleak. The idea that companies in each industrial sector would
have to cooperate through national cartels began to take hold.
Although the business community did not always operate as a unified
interest group, its leaders in the interwar decades made
progressively more effective attempts to secure a consensus on
important proposals. As trade problems mounted, businessmen in many
instances urged the increased national control of trade, with
government officials and corporate executives working together to
form policies.
According to Fletcher, business attitudes toward foreign trade and
the role of the government that developed during the economic
crises of the 1920s and 1930s helped make Japan an economic power
today. Japan is an economic power today because of the techniques
developed during the period of economic crisis following World War
I. After World War II, business leaders once again collaborated
closely with the government to guide the nation to economic
recovery and then to prominence as a trading power. Fletcher
concludes that the travails of the interwar period forged a
conviction that the Japanese business community has maintained well
into the 1980s as a guiding concept: the task of expanding Japan's
international trade resembles a form of competitive warfare
demanding national strategies.
Originally published in 1989.
A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the
latest in digital technology to make available again books from our
distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These
editions are published unaltered from the original, and are
presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both
historical and cultural value.
Fletcher explains how three writers--Ryu Shintaro, Royama
Masamichi, and Miki Kiyoshi--who were supporters of democratic
socialism became ideologues for the East Asian bloc ideal that
rationalized Japan's dominance of Asia after 1937, and he
demonstrates how and why they designed the New Order movement of
1940. He concludes that the advocacy of fascism was a reasoned
effort to respond to the ills of industrialization and the
challenges of mobilization for war.
Originally published in 1982.
A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the
latest in digital technology to make available again books from our
distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These
editions are published unaltered from the original, and are
presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both
historical and cultural value.
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