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Providing a detailed examination of climate negotiations records
since the 1990s, this book shows that, in addition to agreeing on
climate policy frameworks, the negotiations process is of crucial
importance to success. Shedding light on the dynamics of
international climate policymaking, its respective chapters explore
key milestones such as the Kyoto Protocol, Marrakech Accords,
Cancun Agreement and Doha Framework. The book identifies a minimum
of three conditions that need to be fulfilled for successful
climate negotiations: the negotiations need to reflect the fact
that climate change calls for global solutions; the negotiation
process must be flexible, including multiple trajectories and
several small steps; and decisive tactical maneuvers need to be
made, as much can depend on, for example, personalities and the
negotiating atmosphere. With regard to the design of an
international climate policy regime, the main challenge presented
has been the inability to agree on globally supported greenhouse
gas emission reduction measures. The book offers an excellent
source of information for researchers, policymakers and advisors
alike.
The latest scientific knowledge on climate change indicates that
higher greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere through
unchecked emissions will provoke severe climate change and ocean
acidification. Both impacts can fundamentally alter environmental
structures on which humanity relies and have serious consequences
for the food chain among others. Climate change therefore poses
major socio-economic, technical and environmental challenges which
will have serious impacts on countries' pathways towards
sustainable development. As a result, climate change and
sustainable development have increasingly become interlinked. A
changing climate makes achieving Millennium Development Goals more
difficult and expensive, so there is every reason to achieve
development goals with low greenhouse gas emissions. This leads to
the following five challenges discussed by Challenges and Solutions
for Climate Change: 1. To place climate negotiations in the wider
context of sustainability, equity and social change so that
development benefits can be maximised at the same time as
decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. 2. To select technologies or
measures for climate change mitigation and adaptation based on
countries' sustainable development and climate goals. 3. To create
low greenhouse gas emission and climate resilient strategies and
action plans in order to accelerate innovation needed for achieving
sustainable development and climate goals on the scale and
timescale required within countries. 4. To rationalize the current
directions in international climate policy making in order to
provide coherent and efficient support to developing countries in
devising and implementing strategies and action plans for low
emission technology transfers to deliver climate and sustainable
development goals. 5. To facilitate development of an international
framework for financial resources in order to support technology
development and transfer, improve enabling environments for
innovation, address equity issues such as poor people's energy
access, and make implementation of activities possible at the
desired scale within the country. The solutions presented in
Challenges and Solutions for Climate Change show how ambitious
measures can be undertaken which are fully in line with domestic
interests, both in developing and in developed countries, and how
these measures can be supported through the international
mechanisms.
This volume is on the flexibility mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol
and summarises the main fmdings of a two day workshop on 'Dealing
with Carbon Credits after Kyoto', organised by ETC and the JIN
foundation (both from the Netherlands) in Callantsoog, the
Netherlands, on 28-29 May 1998. The workshop was one of the fIrst
meetings held on the flexibility mechanisms after the Kyoto
Protocol had been accepted at the Third Conference of the Parties
(CoP3) in Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997. During the workshop it
became clear that during the stage of translating the Protocol
provisions on the flexibility mechanisms (notably Articles 6, 12
and 17) into concrete action, there are still many questions on how
to interpret the scope and meaning of the Protocol text precisely.
Indeed, various issues need to be elaborated on before a full
assessment of the future practical work - the start of CDM and JI
projects and possibly international emissions trading - can be
made. Several issues were addressed at the workshop: e. g. how and
via which procedures to determine the net abatement of particular
CDMIJI projects; who is liable for non compliance in international
emissions trading; is there a need for credit sharing formulae; can
incentives be provided for early action, etc."
Providing a detailed examination of climate negotiations records
since the 1990s, this book shows that, in addition to agreeing on
climate policy frameworks, the negotiations process is of crucial
importance to success. Shedding light on the dynamics of
international climate policymaking, its respective chapters explore
key milestones such as the Kyoto Protocol, Marrakech Accords,
Cancun Agreement and Doha Framework. The book identifies a minimum
of three conditions that need to be fulfilled for successful
climate negotiations: the negotiations need to reflect the fact
that climate change calls for global solutions; the negotiation
process must be flexible, including multiple trajectories and
several small steps; and decisive tactical maneuvers need to be
made, as much can depend on, for example, personalities and the
negotiating atmosphere. With regard to the design of an
international climate policy regime, the main challenge presented
has been the inability to agree on globally supported greenhouse
gas emission reduction measures. The book offers an excellent
source of information for researchers, policymakers and advisors
alike.
The latest scientific knowledge on climate change indicates that
higher greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere through
unchecked emissions will provoke severe climate change and ocean
acidification. Both impacts can fundamentally alter environmental
structures on which humanity relies and have serious consequences
for the food chain among others. Climate change therefore poses
major socio-economic, technical and environmental challenges which
will have serious impacts on countries' pathways towards
sustainable development. As a result, climate change and
sustainable development have increasingly become interlinked. A
changing climate makes achieving Millennium Development Goals more
difficult and expensive, so there is every reason to achieve
development goals with low greenhouse gas emissions. This leads to
the following five challenges discussed by Challenges and Solutions
for Climate Change: 1. To place climate negotiations in the wider
context of sustainability, equity and social change so that
development benefits can be maximised at the same time as
decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. 2. To select technologies or
measures for climate change mitigation and adaptation based on
countries' sustainable development and climate goals. 3. To create
low greenhouse gas emission and climate resilient strategies and
action plans in order to accelerate innovation needed for achieving
sustainable development and climate goals on the scale and
timescale required within countries. 4. To rationalize the current
directions in international climate policy making in order to
provide coherent and efficient support to developing countries in
devising and implementing strategies and action plans for low
emission technology transfers to deliver climate and sustainable
development goals. 5. To facilitate development of an international
framework for financial resources in order to support technology
development and transfer, improve enabling environments for
innovation, address equity issues such as poor people's energy
access, and make implementation of activities possible at the
desired scale within the country. The solutions presented in
Challenges and Solutions for Climate Change show how ambitious
measures can be undertaken which are fully in line with domestic
interests, both in developing and in developed countries, and how
these measures can be supported through the international
mechanisms.
This volume is on the flexibility mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol
and summarises the main fmdings of a two day workshop on 'Dealing
with Carbon Credits after Kyoto', organised by ETC and the JIN
foundation (both from the Netherlands) in Callantsoog, the
Netherlands, on 28-29 May 1998. The workshop was one of the fIrst
meetings held on the flexibility mechanisms after the Kyoto
Protocol had been accepted at the Third Conference of the Parties
(CoP3) in Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997. During the workshop it
became clear that during the stage of translating the Protocol
provisions on the flexibility mechanisms (notably Articles 6, 12
and 17) into concrete action, there are still many questions on how
to interpret the scope and meaning of the Protocol text precisely.
Indeed, various issues need to be elaborated on before a full
assessment of the future practical work - the start of CDM and JI
projects and possibly international emissions trading - can be
made. Several issues were addressed at the workshop: e. g. how and
via which procedures to determine the net abatement of particular
CDMIJI projects; who is liable for non compliance in international
emissions trading; is there a need for credit sharing formulae; can
incentives be provided for early action, etc.
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