This book examines the development of cinematic form and culture in Russia, from its late nineteenth-century beginnings as a fairground attraction to the early post-Revolutionary years. The author traces the changing perceptions of cinema and its social transition from a modernist invention to a national art form. He explores reactions to the earliest films from actors, novelists, poets, writers and journalists. His richly detailed study of the physical elements of cinematic performance includes the architecture and illumination of the cinema foyer, the speed of projection and film acoustics. In contrast to standard film histories, this book focuses on reflected images: rather than discussing films and film-makers, it features the historical film-goer and early writings on film. The book presents a vivid and changing picture of cinema culture in Russia in the twilight of the tsarist era and the first decades of the twentieth century. The study expands the whole context of reception studies and opens up questions about reception relevant to other national cinemas.

This book examines the development of cinematic form and culture in Russia, from its late nineteenth-century beginnings as a fairground attraction to the early post-Revolutionary years. The author traces the changing perceptions of cinema and its social transition from a modernist invention to a national art form. He explores reactions to the earliest films from actors, novelists, poets, writers and journalists. His richly detailed study of the physical elements of cinematic performance includes the architecture and illumination of the cinema foyer, the speed of projection and film acoustics. In contrast to standard film histories, this book focuses on reflected images: rather than discussing films and film-makers, it features the historical film-goer and early writings on film. The book presents a vivid and changing picture of cinema culture in Russia in the twilight of the tsarist era and the first decades of the twentieth century. The study expands the whole context of reception studies and opens up questions about reception relevant to other national cinemas.

In this cross-cultural history of narrative cinema and media from the 1910s to the 1930s, leading and emergent scholars explore the transnational crossings and exchanges that occurred in early cinema between the two world wars. Drawing on film archives from around the world, this volume advances the premise that silent cinema freely crossed national borders and linguistic thresholds in ways that became far less possible after the emergence of sound. These essays address important questions about the uneven forces geographic, economic, political, psychological, textual, and experiential that underscore a non-linear approach to film history. The "messiness" of film history, as demonstrated here, opens a new realm of inquiry into unexpected political, social, and aesthetic crossings of silent cinema."

Early Cinema in Russia chronicles one of the great lost periods in cinema history, that of Pre-Revolutionary Russia. In contrast to standard film histories, Yuri Tsivian focuses on reflected images: it features the historical film-goer and early writings on film as well as examining the physical elements of cinematic performance. "Tsivian casts a probing beam of illumination into some of the most obscure areas of film history. And the terrain he lights up with his careful assembly and insightful reading of the records of early film viewing in Russia not only changes our sense of the history of this period but also ...causes us to re-evaluate some of our most basic theoretical and historical assumptions about what a film is and how it affects its audiences."--Tom Gunning, from the Foreword "Early Cinema in Russia ...reveals Tsivian's strengths very well and demonstrates why he is ...the finest film historian of his generation in the former Soviet Union."--Denise Y. Youngblood, Historical Journal of Film, Radio, and Television "A work of fundamental importance."--Julian Graffy, Recent Studies of Russian and Soviet Cinema

Sergei Eisenstein envisaged "Ivan the Terrible" (1944/46)--his highly stylised life of the sixteenth-century Russian Tsar--as a trilogy, but he died in 1948 before he could even really begin the third part. Whereas Part One had been a resounding success, winning a Stalin prize, Part Two met with the Kremlin's disfavour, which was communicated to Eisenstein by Zhdanov, Molotov and Stalin himself, and was banned until 1958. "Ivan the Terrible" is a ruin, but a glorious one, with its director at the height of his powers.
Yuri Tsivian has conducted extensive research in the Soviet archives and offers unprecedented insight into Eisenstein's grand project. As well as being an ambivalent chronicle of tyranny, "Ivan the Terrible" is the product of a lifetime's learning, artistry, and intellectual speculation. Tsivian reconstructs the director's "mental film" that underlies the finished work. This book allows the reader to follow the trains of thought that connect the aesthetic construction and visual design of "Ivan the Terrible" to Eisenstein's knowledge of iconography and painting, psychoanalysis and philosophy, Shakespeare and Balzac--and much more.

Editors Marsha Kinder and Tara McPherson present an authoritative collection of essays on the continuing debates over medium specificity and the politics of the digital arts. Comparing the term "transmedia" with "transnational," they show that the movement beyond specific media or nations does not invalidate those entities but makes us look more closely at the cultural specificity of each combination. In two parts, the book stages debates across essays, creating dialogues that give different narrative accounts of what is historically and ideologically at stake in medium specificity and digital politics. Each part includes a substantive introduction by one of the editors.
Part 1 examines precursors, contemporary theorists, and artists who are protagonists in this discursive drama, focusing on how the transmedia frictions and continuities between old and new forms can be read most productively: N. Katherine Hayles and Lev Manovich redefine medium specificity, Edward Branigan and Yuri Tsivian explore nondigital precursors, Steve Anderson and Stephen Mamber assess contemporary archival histories, and Grahame Weinbren and Caroline Bassett defend the open-ended mobility of newly emergent media.
In part 2, trios of essays address various ideologies of the digital: John Hess and Patricia R. Zimmerman, Herman Gray, and David Wade Crane redraw contours of race, space, and the margins; Eric Gordon, Cristina Venegas, and John T. Caldwell unearth database cities, portable homelands, and virtual fieldwork; and Mark B.N. Hansen, Holly Willis, and Rafael Lozano-Hemmer and Guillermo Gomez-Pena examine interactive bodies transformed by shock, gender, and color.
An invaluable reference work in the field of visual media studies, "Transmedia Frictions" provides sound historical perspective on the social and political aspects of the interactive digital arts, demonstrating that they are never neutral or innocent.