This book presents a global overview of the background to, and the current state of, crop protection and pest management in cotton crops. Cotton is one of the most economically important crops in the world and has been grown for centuries but maintaining high yields of good quality requires sophisticated approaches to pest management. The introduction and use of pesticides over the decades significantly increased cotton yields but lead to many adverse environmental impacts. Over time, new and alternative insecticides were developed but overuse has enabled pests to develop significant resistance. The development of genetically modified cotton varieties with toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis enabled much improved control of lepidopteran larvae, including bollworms, but as the toxins had no effect on sucking pests, farmers had no choice but to continue using insecticides. Also, some of the new cotton varieties developed in recent times have not adapted to different climatic conditions and the quality of cotton fibre declined as a result. This book shows the need for more research to select cotton varieties with high quality fibres suitable for different cotton growing areas and to develop integrated pest management strategies to minimise the use of pesticides. It also demonstrates the need for an inter-disciplinary approach bringing together plant breeders, entomologists, plant pathologists, agronomists and agricultural engineers to achieve high yields of high quality cotton. In the future, farmers will need to adopt new technology to determine when and how pesticides are used in conjunction with cultural and biological control strategies. * Emphasises the importance of research on growing cotton in a world experiencing climate change * Demonstrates how crucial crop protection is in achieving high yields of high quality cotton * Shows how new technology will bring major changes in how cotton is grown in the future

Technologies like "Home Automation Systems" are still under considerations and have not been developed up to the level of ultimate maturity. Targeting the challenges of the proposition of a home automation system capable of controlling house's electric appliances and providing efficient security system, a thorough research has been conducted in fields of System Automation, Hardware Engineering, Software Engineering, Human Machine Interaction, Mobile Programming, Produce Line Architectures, Software Testing and Data Management Systems. Taking help from reviewed research and using our personal research and development experiences, we have proposed an approach i.e. Smart House. This book discusses in detail the way to achieve the set goals of this research along with the detailed presentation of system requirements, proposed approach, hardware and software designs, implemented prototype, testing, deployment, usage, benefits and limitations. The presented research and development has been performed as the part of author's bachelor project submitted in Fall 2002 at Punjab Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Information Technology, University of Central Punjab, Pakistan.

The main problem with Semantic Annotation is availability of ontology for the domain. Ontology comprises of concept and relationships. In an ontology, a concept may be atomic or defined by a set of properties. This set of properties classifies the concept with other concept in ontology. In this thesis, we present an approach that deals with semantic annotation using properties of concept than simple instance matching technique currently available. In this approach, the document is analyzed for the purpose of identifying these properties using ontology. If the properties found in document match with properties of any concept in ontology, the document is annotated with that concept. In this way, documents are indexed according to these properties. The main target of this thesis is to present approaches of how these properties can be extracted from documents; both for the purpose of semantic annotation and ontology building. To achieve this target, two different approaches to information extraction are presented for Semantic Annotation; namely "Rule Based" and "Dependency Based."

Product Data Management (PDM) desktop and web based systems maintain the organization's technical and managerial data to increase the quality of products by improving the processes of development, business process flows, change management, product structure management, project tracking and resource planning. Though PDM is heavily benefiting industry but PDM community is still facing some serious unresolved issues in PDM system development i.e., unfriendly web based graphical user interface with massive controls and unintelligent way of searching records. I strongly believe that if a product is very with lots of benefits (e.g PDM System) but not easily adoptable by its users then in most of the cases it becomes a failure in industry. The goal of this research was to support the field of PDM with a new proposition of a conceptual model for the implementation of natural language based search and flexible web based graphical user interface including the capabilities for knowledge management. Residing with in the scope, proposed conceptual model was successfully designed and implementation in the form of a prototype, and compared with some existing real time PDM Systems.

This monograph is mainly about to discuss the research and development have been performed to attain the goal of implementing a natural language based search mechanism in product data management systems. Going into the details, this research monograph briefly presents the fields of Product Data Management, Natural Language Processing and a project i.e. I-SOAS. Furthermore we also discuss how can natural language based grammar be implemented using semantic web technology i.e. Ontology. Later, in the end of this research monograph we present a prototype developed with the use of discussed concepts and technologies.

This research proposes a solution to manage variabilities of software product line applications. The objective of the research is to support software decision makers in handling additional software complexity introduced by product line architectures. In order to fulfill this objective an approach to analyze, visualize, and measure product line specific characteristics of the C/C++ source code are proposed. The approach is validated in an empirical experiment using an open source software system. For that purpose the approach is first implemented into M-System-NT, an existing software measurement tool developed at Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software engineering. The target hypothesis of the research master thesis to perform static analysis of C/C++ source code, measure traditional and product line measures to identify the correlation between measures and indicate the fault proneness.

The research evaluates the performance of Punjab Rural Support Programme's Community Primary Schools project in selected villages of Lahore district. The study also examines the performance of government girls' primary schools in the same villages on selected indicators to have comparative performance analysis of the two types of schools. The research was focused on enrollment, dropouts, cost and cost effectiveness of education delivery and quality of education delivery, facilities, services and community participation in two types of schools and the problems and suggestions of the children parents.

The objective of this book is to support software decision makers in handling additional software complexity introduced by product line architectures. This book is about to discuss the scientific research and development work done in managing variable behavior of traditional and Product Line Architecture based software applications by analyzing their preprocessed source code with the use of Metrics. In order to meet the objectives an approach to analyze, visualize, and measure the Product Line specific characteristics of the C/C++ source code has been proposed i.e., Zeeshan Ahmed C-Preprocessed Source Code Analyzer (ZAC). This approach is validated by implementing into a software measurement tool and experimenting using some real time software applications.

This book is a research monograph based on the conducted research and development work as the part of a project 'Smart House'. This monograph mainly discusses a digital, auto electric, mobile and computerized house. Going into the details; the presented research work describes designed and implemented hardware and software to control a house's electric appliances to provide a mobile and computerized home automation and security system.