Agricultural cooperatives in Ethiopia are charged with the purpose of becoming market outlet for smallholder farmers. Though cooperatives are constrained by different problems, the development strategy of the country advocates the expansion of the cooperatives in rural Ethiopia for better agricultural market participation and commercialization of the smallholder agriculture. Before two and three decades, the impact of these cooperatives on the betterment of the vast majority of smallholders was trivial. Specifically, the services of these cooperatives had little impact on earning, bargaining power and commercialization of smallholders' agriculture. Therefore, in view of the current role of agricultural cooperatives in Ethiopia and the commercialization of smallholder agenda, this book shows the major economic impact of agricultural cooperatives on price, income and commercialization of smallholder agriculture.

This work addresses the limitations of the expected utility theory in predicting risk preference under low probabilities. This topic has particularly not been addressed before when ambiguity is coupled with low probability estimates. The reader will find a theoretical analysis of ambiguity aversion when individuals purchase insurance for low-probability loss events. The topic has been looked into under the light of forest carbon offsets and the need for insurance for unavoidable losses of the sequestrated carbon. That is because wildfire losses have small probabilities of occurrence and are associated with ambiguity. The growing importance of using biological sinks toward emissions reduction only heighten the significance of this topic. The book also offers an experimental design involving three phases, including a replica of a previous study on insurance behaviour, the addition of the ambiguity factor, and two methods of measuring ambiguity preference. This book is particularly useful for experimental and environmental economists, and anyone interested in government policies pertaining carbon offsets.

PMIntellectual Capital accounting is the process of identifying and measuring data about human resources and communicating this information to interested parties. ICA,thus not only involves measurement of all the costs/investments associated with the recruitment,placement,training and development of employees,but also the quantification of the economic value of the people in an organisation. ICA has been receiving much attention in the past three decades because there is a genuine need for reliable and complete information, which can be used in improving and evaluating the management of human resource, and the traditional framework of accounting is in the process being expanded to include a much broader set of measurement than was thought possible or desirable in the past. The wind of change in accounting standards is blowing in almost all countries, especially the USA, Japan, Canada, the UK, France, Germany and The Netherlands,where social security and employees welfare are attended to under adequate regulations.ICA is a new concept to Visakhapatnam Port Trus

One important aspect that must be seen and proven is the effort and commitment of the higher education institutions to review regularly the quality of their services given to the students. It is high time to know the current status and level of service quality in different colleges/faculties/ schools of university of Gondar. The questions about the performance of service quality must be answered. According to some scholars, the strategic success of a service organization depends on its ability to consistently meet or exceed customer service expectations. The aim of this study was to examine perception of service quality, expectation of service quality and service gap from students' perspective using modified SERVQUAL instrument in the five colleges/faculties/ schools in the University of Gondar.It is important that colleges/faculties/ schools measure service quality and use the tools of continuous improvement. Therefore, the outcome of the study will be useful for the management and staffs of colleges/faculties/ schools in higher institutions to continuously improve the service quality. The results of the improvement effort finally will benefit the students as well.