Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

- Presents a range of engaging texts on controversial and contemporary topics that reflect the current social and political environment in the Middle East: topics inclue the Syrian refugee crisis, the pandemic and economic precarity, and racism - Each module contains a range of authentic journalistic texts that allow students to engage with real-life examples of Arabic - Each unit contains a range of activities, from comprehension questions to translation and creative writing exercises, making it adaptable both to self-study and class-use.

The Routledge Intermediate Polish Reader is designed for intermediate students of Polish and includes a wide range of graded texts. The readings are taken from an assortment of contemporary Polish writing, including extracts from modern literature and articles from magazines and newspapers. The texts have been specifically selected to ensure that students receive maximum exposure to topics relevant to Polish language, history, culture and society, making this Reader an engaging and stimulating resource with a meaningful cultural context. Each reading is fully supported by: a general introduction text-related comprehension questions and extensive vocabulary exercises explanations of any difficult grammar structures encountered in the text a comprehensive glossary at the back of the book detailed cultural-historical notes answer key grammar supplement Suitable for both class use and independent study, The Routledge Intermediate Polish Reader is an essential tool for vocabulary learning and increasing reading proficiency.

- Presents a range of engaging texts on controversial and contemporary topics that reflect the current social and political environment in the Middle East: topics inclue the Syrian refugee crisis, the pandemic and economic precarity, and racism - Each module contains a range of authentic journalistic texts that allow students to engage with real-life examples of Arabic - Each unit contains a range of activities, from comprehension questions to translation and creative writing exercises, making it adaptable both to self-study and class-use.

The Routledge Intermediate Brazilian Reader is a comprehensive reader aimed at intermediate level students of Brazilian Portuguese. The aim is to provide a structured language teaching resource that is enjoyable and stimulating for learners, but that also provides meaningful cultural contexts. This Brazilian Reader consists of twenty readings graded on the basis of complexity of vocabulary, grammar and syntax. It presents a range of different text types which give a good representation of contemporary Brazilian writing, including fiction and non-fiction by some of Brazil's most prominent and popular authors. Key features include: vocabulary lists for quick reference reading comprehension questions exercises to learn and review important vocabulary focus on idiomatic expressions full answer key to vocabulary and idiom exercises Portuguese-English glossary at the back Suitable for both class use and independent study, The Routledge Intermediate Brazilian Reader is an essential tool for facilitating vocabulary learning and increasing reading proficiency.

Fundamentals of Arabic Grammar provides an authoritative guide to Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) grammar. It has been organised to promote a thorough understanding of MSA grammar and presents its complexities in a cohesive and user-friendly format, filling many gaps left by other textbooks. Explanations are clear, full and accessible and extensive cross-referencing, two generous indices and six appendices provide users with easy access to the information they require. No prior knowledge of linguistic terminology is required. Features include: Expert treatment of a full range of grammar topics and structures, including the case system, Idhaafa, the equational sentence, quantifiers and the vocative, generously spread across thirty eight chapters Special attention to parts of speech, such as nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs and propositions, given at the beginning of the book to acquaint students with the basic units of Arabic and provide a solid foundation for further learning A wide range of contemporary examples drawn from real life to provide solid context to grammar points, further supported by word glosses and idiomatic translations of sentences Grammatical terms given in both Arabic and English A wide variety of supplementary learning resources such as practice sheets, exercises and verb tables available for free download at http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415710046/ Substantial bibliography incorporating primary Arabic grammar sources in addition to secondary sources in Arabic and in English Fundamentals of Arabic Grammar has been field tested over a number of years and has been written by a highly experienced teacher of Arabic. It will be an essential resource for students and teachers of Arabic at all university levels and is suitable for use both as a companion reference text in Arabic language courses and as a standalone text in independent grammar classes.

The Routledge Intermediate Korean Reader is a comprehensive reader designed to provide varied, stimulating and up-to-date reading material for learners of Korean at the intermediate level. The Korean Reader provides a bridge between basic literacy skills and the ability to read full novels and newspapers in Korean. It consists of eighteen readings, graded on the basis of complexity of vocabulary, grammar and syntax. These readings present a range of different text types representative of modern Korean literary and popular writing which will inspire learners to continue reading independently in Korean. It is ideal for learners who already possess knowledge of essential grammar and vocabulary and who wish to expand their knowledge of the language through contextualized reading material. Key features include: extracts of modern literature and newspaper/magazine articles vocabulary lists for quick reference short grammar explanations of any complicated structures comprehension and discussion questions full answer key at the back. Suitable for both class use and independent study, The Routledge Intermediate Korean Reader is an essential tool for facilitating vocabulary learning and increasing reading proficiency. The Reader is ideal for learners at the intermediate-mid or intermediate high who are aiming to achieve advanced proficiency according to the ACTFL proficiency guidelines. In terms of the Common European Framework this equates to a progression from A2 through to B1/B2.

Modern Japanese Grammar: A Practical Guide is an innovative reference guide to Japanese, combining traditional and function-based grammar in a single volume.

The "Grammar" is divided into two parts. Part A covers traditional grammatical categories such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, particles, topic, honorifics, etc. Part B is carefully organised around language functions covering all major communication situations such as:

• Initiating and ending a conversation
• Seeking and giving factual information
• Expressing gratitude, likes and dislikes
• Making requests and asking for permission and advice

With a strong emphasis on contemporary usage, all grammar points and functions are richly illustrated throughout with examples written both in Romanization and Japanese script (a mixture of "hiragana, katakana," and "kanji.)"

Main features of the "Grammar" include:

• Clear, succinct and jargon-free explanations
• Extensive cross-referencing between the different sections
• Emphasis on areas of particular difficulty for learners of Japanese

Both as a reference grammar and as a practical usage manual, "Modern Japanese Grammar: A Practical Guide" is the ideal resource for learners of Japanese at all levels, from beginner to intermediate and advanced students. No prior knowledge of grammatical terminology or Japanese script is required and a glossary of grammatical terms is provided.

This "Grammar" is accompanied by the "Modern Japanese Grammar Workbook" (ISBN 978-0-415-27093-9) which features related exercises and activities.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

The Routledge Intermediate Korean Reader is a comprehensive reader designed to provide varied, stimulating and up-to-date reading material for learners of Korean at the intermediate level. The Korean Reader provides a bridge between basic literacy skills and the ability to read full novels and newspapers in Korean. It consists of eighteen readings, graded on the basis of complexity of vocabulary, grammar and syntax. These readings present a range of different text types representative of modern Korean literary and popular writing which will inspire learners to continue reading independently in Korean. It is ideal for learners who already possess knowledge of essential grammar and vocabulary and who wish to expand their knowledge of the language through contextualized reading material. Key features include: extracts of modern literature and newspaper/magazine articles vocabulary lists for quick reference short grammar explanations of any complicated structures comprehension and discussion questions full answer key at the back. Suitable for both class use and independent study, The Routledge Intermediate Korean Reader is an essential tool for facilitating vocabulary learning and increasing reading proficiency. The Reader is ideal for learners at the intermediate-mid or intermediate high who are aiming to achieve advanced proficiency according to the ACTFL proficiency guidelines. In terms of the Common European Framework this equates to a progression from A2 through to B1/B2.

The Routledge Intermediate Dutch Reader has been specially designed for upper intermediate learners of Dutch and comprises a broad selection of graded readings.

The readings are taken from a range of contemporary Dutch writing, from newspapers and magazines through to specialist journals and the internet. The texts have been specifically selected to ensure students receive maximum exposure to topics pertaining to Dutch language, culture and society, making this "Reader" an enjoyable and stimulating resource with a meaningful cultural context.

Each reading is fully supported by:

• a general introduction
• a vocabulary list with example sentences
• a number of text comprehension questions and extensive vocabulary exercises with model answers provided in the key
• a wide variety of speaking exercises relevant to the vocabulary and topic at hand
• a number of internet research tasks
• a short list of suggested further reading.

A full glossary of words, an overview of fixed word combinations and an outline of irregular verbs are also available as free downloads at http: //www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415550086/

Suitable for both class use and independent study, "The Routledge Intermediate Dutch Reader" is an essential tool for facilitating vocabulary learning and increasing reading proficiency.

In the light of the notion of the African Renaissance, the book addresses the African language question with particular emphasis on the high potential and future roles of the indigenous languages for development in Africa. Focus is on South Africa's language policy as a role model for the whole continent. The book makes an easy-to-read introduction to central issues of language planning in Africa, for students of the social sciences, education, and linguistics as much as for language practitioners, educationists, administrators, politicians and decisions-makers. The rich appendices offer reference tools with regard to sociolinguistic profiles of all African countries and important documents regarding linguistic rights and the role of language in Africa.