Traditional site remediation approaches typically focus on the reduction of containment concentrations to meet cleanup goals or risk-based corrective levels with a primary emphasis on remediation program cost and timeframe. Such an approach, however, may result in ancillary impacts to the environment that, when considered in totality with the remediation activity, result in a net negative impact to the environment. In contrast to a traditional remediation approach, Green and Sustainable Remediation is a holistic approach to remediation that considers ancillary environmental impacts, and aims to optimize net effects to the environment. The Green and Sustainable Remediation approach addresses a broad range of environmental, social, and economic impacts during all remediation phases. The objective of the approach is to achieve remedial goals through more efficient, sustainable strategies that conserve resources and protect air, water, and soil quality through reduced emissions and other waste burdens. Green and Sustainable Remediation also simultaneously encourages the reuse of remediated land and enhanced long-term financial returns for investments. Though the potential benefits are enormous, many environmental professionals and project stakeholders to not utilize green and sustainable technologies because they are unaware of methods for selection and implementation. Sustainable Remediation of Contaminated Sites describes the Green and Sustainable Remediation decision framework, presents qualitative and quantitative assessment tools, including multi-disciplinary metrics, to assess sustainability of Green and Sustainable Remediation, and reviews potential new technologies. The book will also present several case studies that include Green and Sustainable Remediation solutions, and will also highlight the challenges in promoting this practice.

Nanotechnology is a highly inter- and multi- disciplinary application oriented research area. Not only does it find its use in nanomedicine, solar cells, sensor development and so on, but can also be effectively utilized to prevent water pollution. Nanostructured materials such as magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, silver-impregnated cyclodextrin nanocomposites, nanostructured iron-zeolites, carbo-iron nanomaterials, photocatalytic titania nanoparticles, nanofiltration membranes and functionalized silica nanoparticles can be employed in water treatment to remove heavy metals, sediments, chemical effluents, charged particles, bacteria and other pathogens. This edited book comprises several review-style chapters written by world experts. The chapters are devoted to each of these nanotechnology based approaches: basic principles, practical applications, recent break-through and limitations associated with it. The last chapter covers the environmental risks of applying engineered nanomaterials for water purification. The wealth of information and insight offered in this book will be appealing to scientists and researchers over a wide range of disciplines.

This report contains advice and recommendations about how the Agency can most effectively promote strategies, in partnership with federal, state, tribal, and local government agencies, and other stakeholders, to identify, mitigate, and/or prevent the disproportionate burden on communities of air pollution resulting from goods movement.

This publication will introduce you to processes and equipment for handling, treating and disposing of sludge produced by wastewater treatment plants. You will learn about sludge pumping, thickening, conditioning, dewatering, digestion, storage and final disposition. You will learn about loading parameters for gravity thickeners and operational parameters for air flotation thickeners. You will learn guidelines for chemical conditioning of sludges; and advantages, disadvantages and shortcomings of filter presses, basket centrifuges, and solid bowl decanter centrifuges. You will learn about design parameters for aerobic and standard and high-rate anaerobic sludge digesters.

Die Reduktion von Treibhausgasemissionen ist ein zentraler Bestandteil der Umweltpolitik. Die dominierenden Emissionen sind in Deutschland mit der Nutzung von Energie verbunden. Zur Unterstutzung von Politik, Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und anderen interessierten Gruppierungen bei der Erarbeitung moglichst rationeller Emissionsminderungsstrategien haben acht fuhrende wissenschaftliche Institutionen im IKARUS-Projekt energiewirtschaftliche Modelle und eine umfassende Technik- und Rahmendatenbank entwickelt. Deren Inhalte, Potential, aber auch Grenzen werden hier beschrieben und anhand von Beispielen verdeutlicht."

According to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), more than 16,220 waste generators produced over 35.3 million tons of hazardous waste in 2009 in the United States. Every firm that generates hazardous waste must, by law, handle that waste in accordance with regulations under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Failure to do so can harm the environment and human health and trigger civil and criminal and enforcement actions, resulting in huge monetary fines and penalties, lengthy prison terms and plant closures.

" But what exactly is a hazardous waste?" For the purposes of compliance with RCRA regulations, the answer to this question is a complex one, entangled in a web of definitions, policy, rules and guidelines that are ambiguous, unfamiliar and sometimes contradictory.

If you are responsible for complying with RCRA regulations, or working with those who do, you ll want to read "How to Recognize a Hazardous Waste (even if it s wearing dark glasses)." This is the updated and expanded edition of the book which, for over two decades, has been helping companies comply with the law. This book distills RCRA s myriad of hazardous waste identification rules, policies, and guidelines to their essence, presenting them in a straight-forward manner using illustrations, diagrams, and simple, clear language.

Features include:

questions and answers at the end of each chapter making it an excellent training guide flow diagrams that simplify regulatory mazes clear explanations of the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), hazardous debris, and the contained in policy and rule special sections covering used oil regulations and universal wastes examples that show principles of hazardous waste identification and classification guidance to help you determine if a listed waste may be delisted inventory and profile sheet organizes solid waste information a list of significant EPA regulatory memoranda that show you where to get additional information

Written by an environmental regulatory expert who devoted his career to the handling of hazardous wastes, the dark glasses book takes a simple approach with plentiful illustrations making it ideal as both a training guide and reference material.

Carbon capture and sequestration (or storage), known as CCS, has attracted congressional interest as a measure for mitigating global climate change because large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from fossil fuel use in the United States are potentially available to be captured and stored underground and prevented from reaching the atmosphere. Large, industrial sources of CO2, such as electricity-generating plants, are likely candidates for CCS because they are predominantly stationary, single-point sources. Electricity generation contributes over 40% of U.S. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels. Currently, U.S. power plants do not capture large volumes of CO2 for CCS. This book provides an overview of what CCS is, how it is supposed to work, why it has gained the interest and support of some members of Congress, and what some of the challenges are to its implementation and deployment across the United States.

This book presents important research advances in the study of air pollution, as well as traffic-related air pollution, the national air quality and the role of ship emissions in air pollution. Topics discussed herein include traffic benzene pollution in Bangkok; organic pollutants in urban air; development of forecasting models for predicting hourly ozone concentrations; traffic-related air pollution; snowmobile pollution in North America; hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engines; air quality standards; air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from ships; and emission control area proposals.

This Unique Textbook Examines The Basic Health And Environmental Issues Associated With Air Pollution Including The Relevant Toxicology And Epidemiology. It Provides A Foundation For The Sampling And Analysis Of Air Pollutants As Well As An Understanding Of International Air Quality Regulations. Written For Upper-Level Undergraduate And Introductory Graduate Courses In Air Pollution, The Book Is Also A Valuable Desk Reference For Practicing Professionals Who Need To Have A Broad Understanding Of The Topic. Key Features: - Provides The Most Up-To-Date Coverage Of The Basic Health And Environmental Issues Associated With Air Pollution. - Offers A Broader Examination Of Air Pollution Topics, Beyond Just The Meteorological And Engineering Aspects Of Air Pollution. - Includes The Following Instructor Resources: Instructor's Manual, Powerpoint Presentations, And A Testbank. The Phalens Have Put Together A Timely Book On A Critically Important Topic That Affects All Of Us -- Air Pollution - And They Do So In A New And Highly Relevant Way: They Consider The Broad Societal Health Impacts From A Fundamental Science Viewpoint. The Epidemiology, Toxicology, And Risks Of Air Pollutants Are Included, And Ethical Issues Of Concern Are Highlighted. This Book Is A Must-Read For Students Who Wish To Become Professionals In The Air Quality Field And For Students Of Environmental Science Whose Work Includes Air Pollution Issues. The Book Is A Significant Contribution To The Discipline." - Cliff I. Davidson, Director, Center For Sustainable Engineering; Thomas C. And Colleen L. Wilmot Professor Of Engineering, Syracuse Center Of Excellence In Environmental And Energy Systems And Department Of Civil And Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University "Truly, Human Well-Being And Public Health In The 21St Century May Hinge On Our Ability To Anticipate, Recognize, Evaluate, Control, And Confirm Responsible Management Of Air Pollution. This Timely, Informative, And Insightful Text Provides A Solid Introduction For Students And A Technically Sound Handbook For Professionals Seeking Literacy And Critical Thinking, Real-Life Examples, Understanding (Not Just Rote Applications), Opportunities For Continuous Improvement, And Modern Tools For Assessing And Managing Current And Evolving Air Pollution Challenges." - Mark D. Hoover, Phd, CHP, CIH Aerosol And Health Science Researcher, Author, And Editor

Although addressing greenhouse gases is a leading priority of the President and many members of Congress, the ability to limit these emissions already exists under Clean Air Act authorities that Congress has enacted. In response to the Supreme Court decision, EPA has begun the process of using this existing authority, issuing an "endangerment finding" for greenhouse gases and proposing greenhouse gas (GHG) regulations for new motor vehicles. This book reviews the various options that the EPA could exercise to control GHG emissions from stationary sources under the Act.

Pollution is the release of chemical, physical, biological or radioactive contaminants to the environment. Principal forms of pollution include: air pollution, the release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere. Common examples include carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles. Ozone and smog are created as nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react to sunlight. Water pollution affects oceans and inland bodies of water. Examples include organic and inorganic chemicals, heavy metals, petrochemicals, chloroform, and bacteria. Water pollution may also occur in the form of thermal pollution and the depletion of dissolved oxygen. Soil contamination often occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground storage tank leakage. Contaminants include hydrocarbons, heavy metals, MTBE, herbicides, pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Often occurs with water pollution, thanks to surface runoff and groundwater. Radioactive contamination was added in the wake of 20th-century discoveries in atomic physics. Noise pollution encompasses roadway noise, aircraft noise, industrial noise as well as high-intensity sonar. Light pollution, includes light trespass, over-illumination and astronomical interference. Visual pollution, which can refer to the presence of overhead power lines, highway billboards, scarred landforms (as from strip mining), open storage of junk or municipal solid waste. The nature, distribution and ecological effects of all types and forms of pollutants in air, soil and water are the subject of this book.

This book presents the latest research on the crucial issues and the standards necessary to assess, monitor and increase air quality. Particular emphasis is paid to problems related to urban air quality.

Soil contamination is caused by the presence of man-made chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. This type of contamination typically arises from the rupture of underground storage tanks, application of pesticides, percolation of contaminated surface water to subsurface strata, oil and fuel dumping, leaching of wastes from landfills or direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, lead and other heavy metals. The occurrence of this phenomenon is correlated with the degree of industrialisation and intensity of chemical usage. The concern over soil contamination stems primarily from health risks, both of direct contact and from secondary contamination of water supplies. It is in North America and Western Europe that the extent of contaminated land is most well known, with many countries in these areas having a legal framework to identify and deal with this environmental problem; this however may well be just the tip of the iceberg with developing countries very likely to be the next generation of new soil contamination cases. This book gathers the latest research from around the globe in this field.

Soil remediation deals with the removal of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as soil and groundwater. This book presents new research the contamination of building materials with chemicals, which occurs as a result of storage, spills, and also catastrophic floods and hurricanes. Included in this book is an analysis and comparison of three protocols for the removal of chemicals trapped within building materials. The substantial economic consequences of heavy metal contamination in ecosystems, which poses major environmental problems world-wide, are presented as well. This book discusses the use of plants to remove or immobilise contaminants as a potentially safe and low cost method for the remediation of metal contaminated soil. Membrane techniques applied in water treatment from soil remediation are also reviewed and discussed with the aim to remove and/or recover metals and recycle water.

Increase in the population has led to rapid industrialization, thus leading to pollution at all levels. With industries of various types discharging their all types of effluents in various sources of water, a constant need has been felt for recycling of these effluents, before discharging them in to these sources. The book makes an attempt to equip it's readers with each and every aspect of recycling of industrial effluents. The entire book provides adequate information from the very basics to various types of recycling techniques.

Cleaner production as an environmental pollution preventive practice was systematically introduced into China in the 1990s. Since then, China has taken considerable efforts to conduct regulatory, institutional, and policy reform to promote cleaner production throughout the country. This document details these efforts.

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) scrubbers may be used by electricity generating units to meet the requirements of Phase II of the Acid Rain SO2 Reduction Program. Additionally, the use of scrubbers can result in reduction of mercury and particulate matter emissions. It is timely, therefore, to review commercially available flue gas desulfurisation (FGD) technologies that have an established record of performance. The review of FGD technologies presented in this book describes these technologies, assesses their applications, and characterises their performance. Additionally, the book describes some of the advances that have occurred in FGD technologies. Finally, an analysis of the costs associated with applications of limestone forced oxidation, lime spray dryer, and magnesium-enhanced lime FGD processes is presented. Contents: Introduction; FGD Technology; Technology Applications; Performance; Advances; FGD Cost; Additional Benefits; References; Index.

This book covers one of the most neglected areas in environmental trace analysis, namely that of sample preparation. The text discusses all of the necessary steps for analysing a sample for both trace metals and organics, from the initial sampling protocols, through the range of possible sample preparation methods, and leading finally to the analysis and recording of data. Detailed information is provided on the specific methods to follow for preparing a sample for metal and organic analyses.

The topics covered include the following:

• Basic laboratory skills

• Investigative approaches for sample preparation

• Sampling

• Storage of samples

• Sample preparation for inorganic analysis - solids and liquids

• Sample preparation for organic analysis - solids, liquids and volatile compounds

• Pre-concentration approaches

• Instrumental techniques for trace analysis

• Up-to-date information on the latest developments in sample preparation for metals and organics.

• Written in an open learning/distance learning style, it is ideal for use as a self-study guide or as the basis of a taught course.

• The provision of a comprehensive bibliography to guide the reader to more specialized texts and sources.

Management of industrial processes and the waste streams they create is a fundamental aspect of careers in environmental engineering and technology. These individuals must understand how production processes can be modified to reduce the wastes that emerge as manufacturing byproducts, as well as how to manage those waste streams in the most cost-efficient way possible. This fourth volume in the PETE (Partnership for Environmental Technology Education) PRESERVING THE LEGACY Series is an introduction to the subject.

Quite often in developing countries, the economy progresses while the environment deteriorates because pollution control measures appear too costly to implement. What the World Bank proposes in the 'Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook 1998' is environmental management rather than pollution control. To accomplish this, the book recommends a broad mix of incentives and pressures to achieve sustainable improvements such as setting clear goals and objectives, agreeing on priorities, cooperating on approaches, sharing information, and setting realistic standards. The Handbook comprises three parts: a summary of key policy lessons in pollution management, good practice notes on implementation of policy objectives, and detailed guidelines intended for the preparation of World Bank Group projects. The application of the guidelines set out in Part III can minimize the use of resources as well as reduce the quantity of wastes requiring treatment and disposal. They are designed to protect human health, reduce discharge of pollutants into the environment, use commercially proven and cost-effective technologies, follow regulatory trends, and promote good industrial practices. These guidelines represent good environmental management practices, which can be achieved and maintained with the levels of skills and resources typically available in countries in which the World Bank operates. The World Bank Group in collaboration with United Nations Industrial Development Organization and United Nations Environment Programme.

A unique opportunity to learn about the most important developments in environmental applications of ionizing radiation

This book makes it easy for scientists and engineers to acquaint themselves with the state of the art in ionizing radiation techniques for pollution control, environmental cleanup, and waste processing. With contributions by more than 100 researchers working in industry, academia, and government, it reports from around the world on the most important recent advances in the field. From the latest refinements in electron beam technology to new techniques for the purification of flue gases, and from radiation recycling of rubber wastes to radiation-induced cleanup of water and wastewater, this valuable resource covers all established and emerging environmental applications of ionizing radiation.

The only book available in English to focus exclusively on the subject, Environmental Applications of Ionizing Radiation belongs in the working library of every aspiring or practicing scientist or engineer concerned with environmental pollution.

Radiation has long been used in food processing, medical device sterilization, and polymer production, but only recently has it begun to be widely accepted as a valued component in environmental cleanup initiatives. The growing popularity of radiation as a means of neutralizing both natural and synthetic contaminants is due, in great part, to impressive results recently achieved by researchers worldwide using ionizing radiation methods, especially those involving electron beam techniques. Despite these many successes, there continues to be a conspicuous poverty of professional references on the subject. Environmental Applications of Ionizing Radiation fills that gap.

Environmental Applications of Ionizing Radiation brings together contributions by more than 100 leading scientists from the Americas, Europe, and Asia. The first English-language text devoted exclusively to this exciting growth area, it affords readers a unique opportunity to acquaint themselves with state-of-the-art applications of ionizing radiation for solving environmental remediation problems. Featuring many fascinating and informative case studies from around the world, it brings scientists and engineers quickly in line with the latest advances in:

• Electron beam design
• Flue gas treatment using electron beams
• Ionizing radiation in pollution control
• Irradiation treatment of industrial wastes
• Irradiation treatment of soil and biosolids
• Irradiation and photocatalytic processes
• New and emerging applications of ionizing radiation.

Environmental Applications of Ionizing Radiation is a valuable working resource for civil, chemical, and environmental engineers and scientists involved with pollution control, water treatment, and natural and industrial waste treatment. It also belongs on the syllabuses of all graduate-level engineering courses in air and water management.