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Giovanni Gentile - Philosopher of Fascism (Hardcover)
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Giovanni Gentile - Philosopher of Fascism (Hardcover)
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The recent rise in Europe of extreme right-wing political parties
along with outbreaks of violent nationalist fervor in the former
communist bloc has occasioned much speculation on a possible
resurgence of fascism. At the polemical level, fascism has become a
generic term applied to virtually any form of real or potential
violence, while among Marxist and left-wing scholars discredited
interpretations of fascism as a "product of late capitalism" are
revived. Empty of cognitive significance, these formulas disregard
the historical and philosophical roots of fascism as it arose in
Italy and spread throughout Europe. In Giovanni Gentile:
Philosopher of Fascism, A. James Gregor returns to those roots by
examining the thought of Italian Fascism's major theorist. In
Gregor's reading of Gentile, fascism was-and remains-an
anti-democratic reaction to what were seen to be the domination by
advanced industrial democracies of less-developed or
status-deprived communities and nations languishing on the margins
of the "Great Powers." Sketching in the political background of
late nineteenth-century Italy, industrially backward and only
recently unified, Gregor shows how Gentile supplied fascism its
justificatory rationale as a developmental dictatorship. Gentile's
Actualism (as his philosophy came to be identified) absorbed many
intellectual currents of the early twentieth century including
nationalism, syndicalism, and futurism and united them in a dynamic
rebellion against new perceived hegemonic impostures of
imperialism. The individual was called to an idealistic ethic of
obedience, work, self-sacrifice, and national community. As Gregor
demonstrates, it was a paradigm of what we can expect in the
twenty-first century's response, on the part of marginal nations,
to the globalization of the industrialized democracies. Gregor
cites post-Maoist China, nationalist Russia, Africa, and the
Balkans at the development stage from which fascism could grow. The
first book-length analysis in English of Gentile's thought in over
thirty years, this volume is valuable not only as a work of
historical scholarship but as a timely warning. While
Marxism-Leninism has passed into history, fascism may yet reemerge
as an external threat to democratic nations.
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