In "Ethical Judgment, "Abraham Edel makes clear the part played
by biological and social scientific information in ethical judgment
and moral action using psychological, anthropological, and economic
materials as well as historical studies. Edel suggests that many
controversies in ethical theory have emerged because different
ethical theories made different scientific assumptions. In the
almost forty years since his book was first published, life has
become more complex and technological change has accelerated,
bringing changes to our morality and ethical theory as well as our
conduct. If anything, his observations are even more pertinent,
compelling us to examine the empirical core of ethical
statements.
Edel maintains that since our knowledge of social life and
history is constantly growing, moral theories and ethical judgments
ought to embody the best knowledge available at any point in tune.
However, because all knowledge and belief is only probable, there
is never absolute certainty but only what Edel calls "residual
indeterminacy "in human life and knowledge due to complexity and
change.
Edel lists four factors that form the basis for moral
decisions: universal needs (food); perennial aspirations
(friendships); central necessary conditions (job security); and
critical contingent factors under special circumstances (land
reform in a landholder-ruled society). In his new introduction,
Edel applies those factors to the present day, discussing societal
changes over the past forty years, such as the number of women in
the workforce, the impact of the civil rights movement, and the
fact that isolationism as a national policy is no longer feasible.
"Ethical Judgment "is a recognized classic hi the modern study of
ethical theory. It will be valuable reading for sociologists,
historians, and all scholars interested in the study of ethics and
American culture.
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