All people, in no matter what culture, must be able to place their
music firmly in the context of the totality of their beliefs,
experiences, and activities, for without such ties, music cannot
exist. This means that there must be a body of theory connected
with any music system--not necessarily a theory of the structure of
music sound, although that may be present as well, but rather a
theory of what music is, what it does, and how it is coordinated
with the total environment, both natural and cultural, in which
human beings move. The Flathead Indians of Western Montana (just
over 26,000 in number as of the 2000 census) inhabit a reservation
consisting of 632,516 acres of land in the Jocko and Flathead
Valleys and the Camas Prairie country, which lie roughly between
Evaro and Kalispell, Montana. The reservation is bounded on the
east by the Mission Range, on the west by the Cabinet National
Forest, on the south by the Lolo National Forest, and on the north
by an arbitrary line, approximately bisecting Flathead Lake about
twenty-four miles south of Kalispell. The area is one of the
richest agricultural regions in Montana, and fish and game are
abundant. The Flathead are engaged in stocking, timbering, and
various agricultural enterprises. For the Flathead, the most
important single fact about music and its relationship to the total
world is its origin in the supernatural sphere. All true and proper
songs, particularly in the past, owe their origin to a variety of
contacts experienced by humans with beings which, though a part of
this world, are superhuman and the source of both individual and
tribal powers and skills. Thus a sharp distinction is drawn by the
Flathead between what they call "make-up" and all other songs.
Merriam's pioneering work in the relationship of ethnography and
musicology remains a primary source in this field in anthropology.
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