Although Roman centurions appear at crucial stages in the Gospel of
Luke and the Acts of the Apostles, the significance of the
centurion's office for the development of Luke's story has not been
adequately researched. To fill in that void, this study engages the
relevant Greco-Roman and Jewish sources that reflect on the image
of the Roman military and applies the findings to the analysis of
the role of the Roman centurion in the narrative of Luke-Acts. It
argues that contemporary evidence reveals a common perception of
the Roman centurion as a principal representative of the Roman
imperial power, and that Luke-Acts employs centurions in the role
of prototypical Gentile believers in anticipation of the Christian
mission to the Empire. Chapter 1 outlines the current state of the
question. Chapter 2 surveys the background data, including the
place of the centurion in the Roman military organization, the role
of the Roman army as the basis of the ruling power, the army's
function in the life of the civilian community, Luke's military
terminology, and the Roman military regiments in Luke-Acts. Chapter
3 reviews Greco-Roman writings, including Polybius, Julius Caesar,
Sallust, Livy, Velleius Paterculus, Tacitus, Appian, Cornelius
Nepos, Plutarch, Suetonius, Plautus, Cicero, Virgil, Horace,
Petronius, Quintilian, Epictetus, Juvenal, Fronto, Apuleius, as
well as non-literary evidence. Chapter 4 engages the Jewish
witnesses, including 1 Maccabees, the Dead Sea Scrolls, Jewish
pseudepigrapha, Philo, Josephus, Talmudic sources, and non-literary
sources. Chapter 5 examines the relevant accounts of Luke-Acts,
focusing on Luke 7:1-10 and Acts 10:1-11:18. The Conclusion reviews
the findings of the study and summarizes the results.
General
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