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Books > Humanities > Religion & beliefs > Non-Christian religions > Judaism
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The Tension Between God as Righteous Judge and as Merciful in Early Judaism (Paperback, New)
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The Tension Between God as Righteous Judge and as Merciful in Early Judaism (Paperback, New)
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In recent years, the scholarly consensus has emerged that early
Judaism should no longer be classified as a religion of legalistic
works on righteousness, but rather defined primarily by God's
covenant with Israel. In this work, it is argued, instead, that
there is actually a tension in early Judaism between God as
righteous judge and as merciful. As E. Sjoberg maintained in his
Gott und Sunder im palastinischen Judentum, in the sources used for
a reconstruction of early Judaism, there are two mutually exclusive
ways in which God is said to relate to human beings. First, God as
righteous judge deals with human beings as they deserve. They are
assumed to be morally free and responsible, and God judges and
recompenses them in history and eschatologically. Not only are the
wicked punished for their sins, but the righteous are also rewarded
for their obedience. And second, God as merciful does not deal with
human beings as they deserve. Rather, he removes the guilt
resulting from disobedience to the Law, sometimes on the simple
condition of repentance. This means that a person can escape the
consequences of disobedience. The understanding of God in the
sources vacillates between God as righteous judge and God as
merciful, without coming down definitively on one side to the
exclusion of the other."
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