"Desert Battle" is a study of the nature of desert warfare with
special attention to the evolution of weaponry, the organization of
forces, the impact of the desert environment on the ability of
those forces to sustain battle, and the influences of the desert on
battle tactics. The work concentrates on seven campaigns, from
Bonaparte's adventure in Egypt in 1798-1799 to the 1991 Gulf War.
Each campaign is discussed in relation to its political-military
background, with focus on leadership, the forces available, and the
weapons at their disposal. A narration of each campaign follows,
ending with an evaluation in relative degrees of the leadership,
weapons, and tactics and the long-run consequences of the
campaign.
Watson's study opens with a description and analysis of Erwin
Rommel's first advance in North Africa in April of 1941, but his
emphasis is not on Rommel's magnificent achievements but on the
creation of the Rommel legend and its effect on our understanding
of desert warfare. That opening chapter is followed by an
examination of deserts as a physical context for battle--the nature
of the environment and who fights in deserts and why. Napoleon
Bonaparte's campaign in Egypt, 1798-1799, is discussed in the
context of desert campaigns. British operations along India's
Northwest Frontier from 1849-1852 follow. The Tigris campaign of
World War I is particularly notable because it introduced armored
cars, thereby increasing an army's mobility in desert sands. The
British counterattack against the Italians in North Africa from
late 1940 to early 1941 demonstrates how a small army, utilizing
surprise, indirect attack, and high mobility, were able to offset
the Italians' numerical superiority. Post-World War II battle is
illustrated by the Yom Kippur War between the Arabs and the
Israelis in 1973. The final campaign discussed is the 1991 Gulf
War. Watson's original conclusions about the nature of desert
battle and the constants that determine the outcome of battles in
that hostile environment are surprising and illuminating. They
constitute a real contribution to the study of desert warfare.
General
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