Since ancient times, mankind has used plants as a valuable source
of natural products for maintaining human health and to treat or
prevent diseases. The common knowledge around plants' healing
properties, known as folk medicine, has been transmitted over the
centuries for generations throughout human communities. The use of
natural products and herbal medicines have been documented in the
past. The antibacterial activity of plant extracts has been
reported since the late 1800s and some of these traditional
medicines are still used, especially in the last decade, with more
intensive studies for natural therapies. Active compounds produced
during vegetal metabolism are responsible for the antimicrobial and
biological properties interacting with specific chemical receptors
in the human body and, due to these components, plants extracts are
popular as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial or anti-fungal drugs.
However, in the absence of scientific studies, the use of aleatory
plant extracts may lead to harmful adverse effects. Previously
considered empirical, current data on the antimicrobial activity
and biocompatibility of numerous plants have been scientifically
confirmed. Phytosciences, as ethnopharmacology or phytotherapy, are
emerging multidisciplinary areas with almost unlimited sources and
several aspects to be discussed. Recently, there has been a growing
trend to seek natural drugs as part of dental treatment. In
dentistry, the association of plant extracts with restorative
dentistry, endodontics or periodontics materials have been used to
reduce inflammation, as antimicrobial enhancer agent, antiseptics,
antifungals, antioxidants, analgesics or even as mouth rinse to
prevent or reduce dental plaque. Thus, this book will address the
use of plant extracts in different fields of dentistry,
highlighting its use in cariology, restorative dentistry,
endodontics and periodontics, besides other uses of herbal plants
in dentistry, as in dental trauma, osteointegration or hemostatic,
among others. As will be shown and stated, the vast variety of
different plants described in literature with medicinal properties
makes it impracticable to discuss all extracts found in scientific
literature. Therefore, this book will contribute with some of these
extracts and different methodologies to assess, as an introduction
to new research and new researchers. Also, different in vivo and in
vitro tests used to evaluate biological response, such as
biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity in dental treatment
will be discussed.
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