The legal foundations of global governance are shifting. In
addition to traditional instruments for resolving cross-border
problems, such as treaties and formal international organizations,
policy-makers are turning increasingly to informal agreements and
organizations like the Group of Twenty, the Financial Stability
Board, and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation. A growing number
of policy-makers view such weakly-legalized organizations as
promising new tools of governance, arguing that informal bodies are
faster and more flexible than their formal counterparts, and
better-suited to the complex problems raised by deepening
interdependence. Yet, equally, political scientists have puzzled
over these international organizations. At present, we still know
relatively little about these bodies, why they have become so
important, and whether they are indeed capable of addressing the
immense challenges faced by the global community. In The Origins of
Informality, Charles Roger offers a new way of thinking about
informal organizations, presents new data revealing their
extraordinary growth over time and across regions, and advances a
novel theory to explain these patterns. In contrast with existing
approaches, he locates the drivers of informality within the
internal politics of states, explaining how major shifts within the
domestic political arenas of the great powers have projected
outwards and reshaped the legal structure of the global system.
Informal organizations have been embraced because they allow
bureaucrats in powerful states to maintain autonomy over their
activities, and can help politicians to circumvent domestic
opponents of their foreign policies. Drawing on original
quantitative data, interviews, and archival research, the book
analyzes some of the most important institutions governing the
global economy, showing how informality has helped domestic actors
to achieve their narrow political goals-even when this comes at the
expense of the institutions they eventually create. Ultimately,
Roger claims, the shift towards informality has allowed the number
of multilateral institutions to rapidly increase in response to
global problems. But, at the same time, it has coincided with a
decline in their quality, leaving us less prepared for the next
global crisis.
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