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Fellow Creatures - Our Obligations to the Other Animals (Paperback)
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Fellow Creatures - Our Obligations to the Other Animals (Paperback)
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Christine M. Korsgaard presents a compelling new view of humans'
moral relationships to the other animals. She defends the claim
that we are obligated to treat all sentient beings as what Kant
called "ends-in-themselves". Drawing on a theory of the good
derived from Aristotle, she offers an explanation of why animals
are the sorts of beings for whom things can be good or bad. She
then turns to Kant's argument for the value of humanity to show
that rationality commits us to claiming the standing of
ends-in-ourselves, in two senses. Kant argued that as autonomous
beings, we claim to be ends-in-ourselves when we claim the standing
to make laws for ourselves and each other. Korsgaard argues that as
beings who have a good, we also claim to be ends-in-ourselves when
we take the things that are good for us to be good absolutely and
so worthy of pursuit. The first claim commits us to joining with
other autonomous beings in relations of moral reciprocity. The
second claim commits us to treating the good of every sentient
creature as something of absolute importance. Korsgaard argues that
human beings are not more important than the other animals, that
our moral nature does not make us superior to the other animals,
and that our unique capacities do not make us better off than the
other animals. She criticizes the "marginal cases" argument and
advances a new view of moral standing as attaching to the atemporal
subjects of lives. She criticizes Kant's own view that our duties
to animals are indirect, and offers a non-utilitarian account of
the relation between pleasure and the good. She also addresses a
number of directly practical questions: whether we have the right
to eat animals, experiment on them, make them work for us and fight
in our wars, and keep them as pets; and how to understand the wrong
that we do when we cause a species to go extinct.
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