In discussions of Paul's letters, much attention has been devoted
to statements that closely identify Christ with Israel's God (i.e.,
1 Cor 8:6). However, in Rom 3:30 and Gal 3:20, Paul uses the phrase
"God is one" to link Israel's monotheistic confession and the
inclusion of the Gentiles in the people of God. Therefore, this
study traces the OT and early Jewish backgrounds of the phrase "God
is one" and their possible links to Gentile inclusion. Following
this, Christopher Bruno examines the two key Pauline texts that
link the confession of God as one with the inclusion of the
Gentiles. Bruno observes a significant discontinuity between the
consistent OT and Jewish interpretations of the phrase and Paul's
use of "God is one" in relation to the Gentiles. In the both the OT
and earlyJewish literature, the phrase functions as a boundary
marker of sorts, distinguishing the covenant people and the
Gentiles. The key exception to this pattern is Zech 14:9, which
anticipates the confession of God as one expanding to the nations.
Similarly, in Romans and Galatians, the phrase is not aboundary
marker, but rather grounds the unity of Jew and Gentile. The
contextand arguments in Rom 3:30 and Gal 3:20 lead to the
conclusion that Paul's monotheism must now be understood in light
of the Christ event; moreover, Zech14:9 may play a significant role
in the link between Paul's eschatological monotheism and his
argument for the inclusion of the Gentiles in Romans and Galatians.
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