Since the Enlightenment, liberal democrat governments in Europe and
North America have been compelled to secure the legitimacy of their
authority by constructing rational states whose rationality is
based on modern forms of law. The first serious challenge to
liberal democratic practices of legal legitimacy comes in Marx's
early writings on Rousseau and Hegel. Marx discovers the limits of
formal legal equality that does not address substantive relations
of inequality in the workplace and in many other spheres of social
life. Beyond Hegemony investigates the authoritarianism and
breakdown of those state socialist governments in Russia and
elsewhere which claim to put Marx's ideas on democracy and equality
into practice. The book explains that although many aspects of
Marx's critique are still valid today, his ideas need to be
supplemented by the contributions to social theory made by
Nietzsche, Foucault, the critical theory of the Frankfurt School as
well as the libertarian socialism of G.D.H. Cole. What emerges is a
new theory of political legitimacy which indicates how it is
possible to move beyond liberal democracy whilst avoiding the
authoritarian turn of state socialism. Schecter points out the
weaknesses of the many extra-legal accounts of non-formal
legitimacy now on offer, such as those based on friendship and
identity. He then argues that the first step beyond hegemony
depends on the discovery of forms of legitimate legality and
demonstrates why the conditions of legitimate law can be
identified. -- .
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