The Endangered Species Act (ESA) protects species identified as
endangered or threatened with extinction and attempts to protect
the habitat on which they depend. It is administered primarily by
the Fish and Wildlife Service and also by the National Marine
Fisheries Service for certain marine and anadromous species.
Dwindling species are listed as either endangered or threatened
according to assessments of the risk of their extinction. Once a
species is listed, legal tools are available to aid its recovery
and to protect its habitat. The ESA can become the visible focal
point for underlying situations involving the allocation of scarce
or diminishing lands or resources, especially in instances where
societal values may be changing, such as for the forests of the
Pacific Northwest, the waters in the Klamath River Basin, or the
polar environment. This report discusses the major provisions of
the ESA, both domestic and international, and also discusses some
of the background issues, such as extinction in general, and the
effectiveness of the statute.
General
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