The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) developed FEMA 459,
Incremental Protection for Existing Commercial Buildings from
Terrorist Attack, to provide guidance to owners of existing
commercial buildings and their architects and engineers on security
and operational enhancements to address vulnerabilities to
explosive blasts and chemical, biological, and radiological
hazards. It also addresses how to integrate these enhancements into
the ongoing building maintenance and capital improvement programs.
These enhancements are intended to mitigate or eliminate long-term
risk to people and property. FEMA's Risk Management Series
publications addressing security risks are based on two core
documents: FEMA 426, Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential
Terrorist Attacks Against buildings, and FEMA 452, Risk Assessment:
A How-To Guide to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against
Buildings. FEMA 426 provides guidance to the building science
community of architects and engineers on reducing physical damage
caused by terrorist assaults to buildings, related infrastructure,
and people. FEMA 452 outlines methods for identifying the critical
assets and functions within buildings, determining the potential
threats to those assets, and assessing the building's
vulnerabilities to those threats. This assessment of risks
facilitates hazard mitigation decision-making. Specifically, the
document addresses methods for reducing physical damage to
structural and nonstructural components of buildings and related
infrastructure and reducing resultant casualties during
conventional bomb attacks, as well as attacks involving chemical,
biological, and radiological agents. FEMA 459 can be used in
conjunction with FEMA 452. This manual presents an integrated,
incremental rehabilitation approach to implementing the outcomes of
a risk assessment completed in accordance with FEMA 452, Risk
Assessment: A How-To Guide to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks
Against Building. This approach is intended to minimize disruption
to building operations and control costs for existing commercial
buildings. The integrated incremental approach to risk reduction in
buildings was initially developed in relation to seismic risk and
was first articulated in FEMA's Risk Management Series in the
widely disseminated FEMA 395, Incremental Seismic Rehabilitation of
School Buildings (K-12), published in June 2003. In 2004 and 2005,
FEMA also published Incremental Seismic Rehabilitation manuals
(FEMA 396-400) for hospitals, office buildings, multifamily
apartments, retail buildings, and hotels and motels. This manual
outlines an approach to incremental security enhancement in four
types of existing commercial buildings: office buildings, retail
buildings, multifamily apartment buildings, and hotel and motel
buildings. It addresses both physical and operational enhancements
that reduce building vulnerabilities to blasts and chemical,
biological, and radiological attacks, within the constraints of the
existing site conditions and building configurations.
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