Translated by Terry Kent and Emily Maletin-Kent. "Medical
Jurisprudence, or Forensic Medicine, is the science concerned with
the application of medical knowledge to certain branches of civil
and criminal law." These words come from the eighth edition of
"Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology" by Glaister, published in
1945, and they go back to the first edition of 1902. But before
that date, individuals such as Andrew Duncan Sr. and Jr., William
A. Guy, Robert Cowan, and later Sir Sydney Smith and Sir Bernard
Spilsbury along with other prominent leading medics highlighted the
enormous importance of the science and what potential forensic
medicine has to offer for the application of justice. The work you
now have in your hands, thanks to the generosity and efforts of
Terry Kent and Emily Maletin-Kent, addresses part of this science:
the application of medical and biological knowledge to clarify the
circumstances surrounding a death. Forensic medicine can have many
other applications, in addition to explaining causes of death.
Because of this and differing legal and policing structures in
different parts of the world, the organization of forensic medicine
varies. The structure, the titles, and the roles of the various
professionals involved in forensic medicine vary from country to
country. Even in the English speaking countries we will find words
such as 'autopsy' used in the United States and 'post mortem' in
the United Kingdom. One of the key figures in the UK is the
Coroner, who is legally, but not necessarily medically, qualified.
In the US, Coroners are being replaced by Medical Examiners, who
are medically qualified and sometimes legally qualified as well.
Essentially the Coroner is legally responsible for the
investigation of the causes of deaths. They can decide, after the
initial notification, whether a death can be classified as natural,
or accidental, and not require further procedures; or be suspect
and require further investigation. Where there is any doubt a
Forensic Pathologist will be called upon to carry out the
post-mortem to assist the Coroner to reach his final conclusions.
Usually in suspicious deaths a Forensic Pathologist will also
attend the scene of the death for a preliminary examination of the
body and its surroundings. In the event that a Forensic Pathologist
is not available in some jurisdictions a qualified Pathologist may
be allowed to carry out the autopsy. Other medical professionals
assisting police investigations are Police Surgeons, who unlike the
Coroner, again are medically qualified. They may also, in contrast
to the Coroner and the Forensic Pathologist, also work with the
living. They will carry out examinations of victims of physical or
sexual assault and for example take blood samples when required. In
Spain, you will find, the model is different. There is a so called
'Coroner' but they can handle cases of both living and dead. They
can handle the analysis of an assault with a weapon not resulting
in death, but also study the body found at the bottom of a swimming
pool. Things are gradually changing with more and more
specialization. Meanwhile, the title of this book, Que dice el
Forense? could be translated as a perhaps ...What does the
Pathologist say? ... Let us see
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